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核糖核酸列表：修订间差异

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This is a list of RNAs in nature. Some of these categories are broad, others are single RNA families.

RNAs involved in protein synthesis
Type Abbr. Function Distribution Ref.
Messenger RNA mRNA Codes for protein All organisms
Ribosomal RNA rRNA Translation All organisms
Signal recognition particle RNA 7SL RNA or SRP RNA Membrane integration All organisms [1]
Transfer RNA tRNA Translation All organisms
Transfer-messenger RNA tmRNA Rescuing stalled ribosomes Bacteria [2]
RNAs involved in post-transcriptional modification or DNA replication
Type Abbr. Function Distribution Ref.
Small nuclear RNA snRNA Splicing and other functions Eukaryotes and archaea [3]
Small nucleolar RNA snoRNA Nucleotide modification of RNAs Eukaryotes and archaea [4]
SmY RNA SmY mRNA trans-splicing Nematodes [5]
Small Cajal body-specific RNA scaRNA Type of snoRNA; Nucleotide modification of RNAs
Guide RNA gRNA mRNA nucleotide modification Kinetoplastid mitochondria [6]
Ribonuclease P RNase P tRNA maturation All organisms [7]
Ribonuclease MRP RNase MRP rRNA maturation, DNA replication Eukaryotes [8]
Y RNA RNA processing, DNA replication Animals [9]
Telomerase RNA Telomere synthesis Most eukaryotes [10]
Regulatory RNAs
Type Abbr. Function Distribution Ref.
Antisense RNA aRNA Transcriptional attenuation / mRNA degradation / mRNA stabilisation / Translation block All organisms [11][12]
Cis-natural antisense transcript Gene regulation
CRISPR RNA crRNA Resistance to parasites, probably by targeting their DNA Bacteria and archaea [13]
Long noncoding RNA Long ncRNA Various Eukaryotes
MicroRNA miRNA Gene regulation Most eukaryotes [14]
Piwi-interacting RNA piRNA Transposon defense, maybe other functions Most animals [15][16]
Small interfering RNA siRNA Gene regulation Most eukaryotes [17]
Trans-acting siRNA tasiRNA Gene regulation Land plants [18]
Repeat associated siRNA rasiRNA Type of piRNA; transposon defense Drosophila [19]
7SK RNA 7SK negatively regulating CDK9/cyclin T complex
Parasitic RNAs
Type Function Distribution Ref.
Retrotransposon Self-propagating Eukaryotes and some bacteria [20]
Viral genome Information carrier Double-stranded RNA viruses, positive-sense RNA viruses, negative-sense RNA viruses, many satellite viruses and reverse transcribing viruses
Viroid Self-propagating Infected plants [21]
Satellite RNA Self-propagating Infected cells
Other RNAs
Type Abbr. Function Distribution Ref.
Vault RNA vRNA Expulsion of xenobiotics, maybe [22]

See also

References

  1. ^ Gribaldo1 S, Brochier-Armanet C. The origin and evolution of Archaea: a state of the art. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2006, 361 (1470): 1007–22. PMID 16754611. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1841. 
  2. ^ Gillet R, Felden B. Emerging views on tmRNA-mediated protein tagging and ribosome rescue. Molecular Microbiology. 2001, 42 (4): 879–85. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02701.x. 
  3. ^ Thore S, Mayer C, Sauter C, Weeks S, Suck D. Crystal Structures of the Pyrococcus abyssi Sm Core and Its Complex with RNA. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278 (2): 1239–47. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207685200. 
  4. ^ Kiss T. Small nucleolar RNA-guided post-transcriptional modification of cellular RNAs. The EMBO Journal. 2001, 20: 3617–22. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.14.3617. 
  5. ^ Jones TA, Otto W, Marz M, Eddy SR, Stadler PF. A survey of nematode SmY RNAs. RNA Biol. 2009, 6 (1): 5–8. PMID 19106623. 
  6. ^ Alfonzo JD, Thiemann O, Simpson L. The mechanism of U insertion/deletion RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Research. 1997, 25 (19): 3751–59. PMID 9380494. doi:10.1093/nar/25.19.3751. 
  7. ^ Pannucci JA, Haas ES, Hall TA, Harris JK, Brown JW. RNase P RNAs from some Archaea are catalytically active. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96 (14): 7803–08. PMID 10393902. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.7803. 
  8. ^ Woodhams MD, Stadler PF, Penny D, Collins LJ. RNase MRP and the RNA processing cascade in the eukaryotic ancestor. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2007, 7: S13. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-S1-S13. 
  9. ^ Perreault J, Perreault J-P, Boire G. Ro-associated Y RNAs in metazoans: evolution and diversification. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2007, 24 (8): 1678–89. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm084. 
  10. ^ Lustig AJ. Crisis intervention: The role of telomerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96 (7): 3339–41. PMID 10097039. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3339. 
  11. ^ Brantl S. Antisense-RNA regulation and RNA interference. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2002, 1575 (1–3): 15–25. PMID 12020814. 
  12. ^ Brantl S. Regulatory mechanisms employed by cis-encoded antisense RNAs. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2007, 10 (2): 102–9. PMID 17387036. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2007.03.012. 
  13. ^ Brouns SJ, Jore MM, Lundgren M; et al. Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2008, 321 (5891): 960–4. PMID 18703739. doi:10.1126/science.1159689.  已忽略未知参数|month=（建议使用|date=） (帮助)
  14. ^ Lin S-L, Miller JD, Ying S-Y. Intronic microRNA (miRNA). Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2006, 2006: 1–13. PMID 17057362. doi:10.1155/JBB/2006/26818. 
  15. ^ Horwich MD, Li C Matranga C, Vagin V, Farley G, Wang P, Zamore PD. The Drosophila RNA methyltransferase, DmHen1, modifies germline piRNAs and single-stranded siRNAs in RISC. Current Biology. 2007, 17: 1265–72. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.030. 
  16. ^ Ghildiyal M, Zamore PD. Small silencing RNAs: an expanding universe. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2009, 10 (2): 94–108. PMID 19148191. doi:10.1038/nrg2504.  已忽略未知参数|month=（建议使用|date=） (帮助)
  17. ^ Ahmad K, Henikoff S. Epigenetic consequences of nucleosome dynamics. Cell. 2002, 111 (3): 281–84. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01081-4. 
  18. ^ Vazquez F, Vaucheret H. Endogenous trans-acting siRNAs regulate the accumulation of Arabidopsis mRNAs. Mol. Cell. 2004, (16): 1–13. PMID 17057362. 
  19. ^ Desset S, Buchon N, Meignin C, Coiffet M, Vaury C. In Drosophila melanogaster the COM locus directs the somatic silencing of two retrotransposons through both Piwi-dependent and -independent pathways. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3 (2): e1526. PMC 2211404 可免费查阅. PMID 18253480. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001526. 
  20. ^ Boeke JD. The unusual phylogenetic distribution of retrotransposons: a hypothesis. Genome Research. 2003, 13: 1975–83. PMID 12952870. doi:10.1101/gr.1392003. 
  21. ^ Flores R, Hernández C, Martínez de Alba AE, Daròs JA, Di Serio F. Viroids and viroid-host interactions. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 2005, 43: 117–39. PMID 16078879. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140243. 
  22. ^ Gopinath SC, Matsugami A, Katahira M, Kumar PK. Human vault-associated non-coding RNAs bind to mitoxantrone, a chemotherapeutic compound. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005, 33 (15): 4874–81. PMC 1201340 可免费查阅. PMID 16150923. doi:10.1093/nar/gki809. 

External links

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