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FOXM1:修订间差异

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2012年9月19日 (三) 12:31的版本

介紹

FOXM1(Forkhead box protein M1)[1]是众所周知的发挥关键作用。在细胞周期进程中内源性FOXM1表达峰,S期和G2/ M期。 FOXM1-null小鼠胚胎新生儿致命的,由于心肌细胞和肝细胞多倍体的发展,突出FOXM1在有丝分裂的作用[2]。最近一项研究中使用转基因/基因敲除小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞和人成骨肉瘤细胞(U2OS)所示,FOXM1调控的大阵,如Plk1的G2/M-specific基因,细胞周期素B2,NEK2和CENPF,并播放染色体偏析和基因组稳定性的一个重要作用在维护[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

2010年度分子

分子和细胞生物学及生物技术方案和研究国际协会(简称为ISMCBBPR)将FOXM1评为2010年的年度分子。ISMCBBPR之所以选择FOXM1,是看中其作为癌症治疗靶点的潜力。去年,在美国《癌症研究》(Cancer Research)杂志网站上发表的一篇文章中,英国伦敦大学玛丽皇后学院的研究人员详细阐述了FOXM1的过表达如何破坏细胞周期的稳定[10][11][12][13]。FOXM1的异常上调作为第一击,使细胞陷入基因组不稳定,随后细胞受到第二击,DNA损伤的检查点(如p53或p16)被废除,受损的细胞也能增殖,并累积启动癌症所需的遗传突变[5][14][15][16][17]

原癌基因

2002年,FOXM1首次被贴上癌蛋白的标签[18]。自此,研究人员将FOXM1的过表达与肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、脑癌及很多其他癌症联系在一起[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]。然而,当时的研究人员并不清楚蛋白的过表达如何促进癌症发展,这也阻碍了癌症疗法的开发。为了更好地了解这一过程,伦敦大学玛丽皇后学院临床及诊断口腔科学中心的讲师鄭美德博士(Muy-Teck Teh)领导的研究小组在正常人口腔上皮干细胞中过表达了FOXM1,诱导细胞进入癌变前期细胞增生的阶段[27][28][29][30][31]。通过这个实验,发现FOXM1干扰了干细胞的生长周期及分裂。正常水平的FOXM1控制了细胞生长。当细胞定期分裂时,FOXM1协调了遗传物质分配到两个子细胞中。然而,当FOXM1过表达时,该蛋白丧失了对细胞生长的控制,让细胞疯狂生长。因此,FOXM1的表达成为癌症预防药物开发的常用靶点。但是该蛋白的去除也不是一个好选择,因为它是正常的器官发育所必需的。过去的研究发现,当FOXM1从小鼠中去除后,幼鼠在出生后不久因心力衰竭而死亡。

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