香槟池:修订间差异

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'''香槟池'''(Champagne Pool)是[[新西兰]][[北島 (新西兰)|北岛]][[怀卡托]]区怀奥塔普[[地热]]区的一个著名景点。[[温泉]]位于[[罗托路亚]]东南30公里,[[陶波]]50公里。香槟池的名称来自大量[[二氧化碳]]的释出如同玻璃杯中[[香槟酒]]的气泡。温泉形成于900年前一次火山爆发的热液。<ref>Lloyd, E. F. (1959年),《The hot springs and hydrothermal eruptions of Waiotapu》,刊登于《New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 2》,第141-176页。</ref>湖的直径约65米,最深处约为65米,估计容积为50,000立方米。<ref>Hedenquist, J. W. (1986年),《Geothermal systems in the Taupo Volcanic Zone: Their characteristics and relation to volcanism and mineralisation》,刊登于《Bulletin of the Royal Society of New Zealand 23》,第134-168页。</ref>
'''香槟池'''(Champagne Pool)是[[新西兰]][[北島 (新西兰)|北岛]][[怀卡托]]区怀奥塔普[[地热]]区的一个著名景点。[[温泉]]位于[[罗托路亚]]东南30公里,[[陶波]]50公里。香槟池的名称来自大量[[二氧化碳]]的释出如同玻璃杯中[[香槟酒]]的气泡。温泉形成于900年前一次火山爆发的热液。<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lloyd, E. F.|year=1959|title=The hot springs and hydrothermal eruptions of Waiotapu|journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |voulme=2|issue=1|pages=141-176}}</ref>湖的直径约65米,最深处约为65米,估计容积为50,000立方米。<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hedenquist, J. W. |year=1986|journal=Geothermal systems in the Taupo Volcanic Zone: Their characteristics and relation to volcanism and mineralisation|journal=Bulletin of the Royal Society of New Zealand |volume=23|pages=134-168}}</ref>


==水质化学==
==水质化学==
香槟池地下深处的地热水温为260°C,<ref>Giggenbach, W. F.Sheppard, D. S.Robinson, B. W.Stewart, M. K. Lyon, G. L. (1994年),《Geochemical structure and position of the Waiotapu geothermal field, New Zealand》,刊登于《Geothermics 23》,第599-644页。</ref>但是由于热量散发在空气中,池中水温保持在73°C到75°C。由于二氧化碳的释出,池水[[pH值]]相对恒定在5.5。释放的气体主要是二氧化碳,也含有少量[[氮气]]、[[甲烷]]、[[氢气]]、[[硫化氢]]和[[氧气]]。<ref>Jones, B.Renaut, R. W. Rosen, M. R. (2001年),《Biogenicity of gold- and silver-bearing siliceous sinters forming in hot (75 degrees C) anaerobic spring-waters of Champagne Pool, Waiotapu, North Island, New Zealand》,刊登于《Journal of the Geological Society 158》,第895-911页。</ref>硅酸地热液体中含有过饱和的[[类金属]]化合物,如[[硫化砷]]和[[硫化锑]],其沉淀物呈现出橙色。<ref>Pope, J. G.Brown, K. L. McConchie, D. M. (2005年),《Gold concentrations in springs at Waiotapu, New Zealand: Implications for precious metal deposition in geothermal systems》,刊登于《Economic Geology 100》,第677-687页。</ref>色彩艳丽的沉淀物与香槟池周围灰白的[[二氧化硅]]火山灰熔渣形成对比。
香槟池地下深处的地热水温为260°C,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Giggenbach, W. F.; Sheppard, D. S.; Robinson, B. W.; Stewart, M. K.; Lyon, G. L.|year=1994|title=Geochemical structure and position of the Waiotapu geothermal field, New Zealand|journal=Geothermics |volume=23|issue=5-6|pages=599-644|doi= 10.1016/0375-6505(94)90022-1|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0375650594900221}}</ref>但是由于热量散发在空气中,池中水温保持在73°C到75°C。由于二氧化碳的释出,池水[[pH值]]相对恒定在5.5。释放的气体主要是二氧化碳,也含有少量[[氮气]]、[[甲烷]]、[[氢气]]、[[硫化氢]]和[[氧气]]。<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal|author=Jones, B.; Renaut, R. W.; Rosen, M. R.|year=2001|title=Biogenicity of gold- and silver-bearing siliceous sinters forming in hot (75 C ) anaerobic spring-waters of Champagne Pool, Waiotapu, North Island, New Zealand|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|volume=158|issue=6|pages=895-911|doi= 10.1144/0016-764900-131|url=http://mr.crossref.org/iPage/?doi=10.1144%2F0016-764900-131}}</ref>硅酸地热液体中含有过饱和的[[类金属]]化合物,如[[硫化砷]]和[[硫化锑]],其沉淀物呈现出橙色。<ref>{{cite journal|author=Pope, J. G.; Brown, K. L.; McConchie, D. M.|year=2005|title=Gold concentrations in springs at Waiotapu, New Zealand: Implications for precious metal deposition in geothermal systems|journal=Economic Geology|volume= 100|issue=4|pages=677-687|doi=10.2113/gsecongeo.100.4.677|url=}}</ref>色彩艳丽的沉淀物与香槟池周围灰白的[[二氧化硅]]火山灰熔渣形成对比。


==生物学==
==生物学==
尽管香槟池地球化学特性突出,但是关于它作为微生物形成的研究依然很少。氢气和二氧化碳或者氧气是[[產甲烷作用|产烷生物]]或氢氧化[[微生物]][[自养生物|自养]]生长的[[新陈代谢]]能量来源。非培养生物方法提供了温泉中细丝状的、球菌状的和杆状的细胞形态的证据。<ref>Jones, B.、Renaut, R. W. 和 Rosen, M. R. (2001年),《Biogenicity of gold- and silver-bearing siliceous sinters forming in hot (75 degrees C) anaerobic spring-waters of Champagne Pool, Waiotapu, North Island, New Zealand》,刊登于《Journal of the Geological Society 158》,第895-911页。</ref> <ref>Mountain, B. W.Benning, L. G. Boerema, J. A. (2003年),《Experimental studies on New Zealand hot spring sinters: rates of growth and textural development》,刊登于《Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40》,第1643-1667页。</ref> <ref>Phoenix, V. R.Renaut, R. W.Jones, B. Ferris, F. G. (2005),《Bacterial S-layer preservation and rare arsenic-antimony-sulphide bioimmobilization in siliceous sediments from Champagne Pool hot spring, Waiotapu, New Zealand》,刊登于《Journal of the Geological Society 162》,第323-331页。</ref>两种特别的[[细菌]]和一种[[古菌]]被成功地从香槟池分离出来。<ref>Hetzer, A., Morgan, H. W.McDonald, I. R. Daughney, C. J.(2007年),[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17426919Microbial life in Champagne Pool, a geothermal spring in Waiotapu, New Zealand.》],Extremophiles 11,第605-614页。</ref>
尽管香槟池地球化学特性突出,但是关于它作为微生物形成的研究依然很少。氢气和二氧化碳或者氧气是[[產甲烷作用|产烷生物]]或氢氧化[[微生物]][[自养生物|自养]]生长的[[新陈代谢]]能量来源。非培养生物方法提供了温泉中细丝状的、球菌状的和杆状的细胞形态的证据。<ref name="Jones"/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Mountain, B. W.; Benning, L. G.and Boerema, J. A.|year=2003|title=Experimental studies on New Zealand hot spring sinters: rates of growth and textural development|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume= 40|issue=11|pages=1643-1667|doi=10.1139/e03-068|url=http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/e03-068|Bibcode=10.1139/e03-068}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Phoenix, V. R.; Renaut, R. W.; Jones, B. and Ferris, F. G.|year=2005|title=Bacterial S-layer preservation and rare arsenic-antimony-sulphide bioimmobilization in siliceous sediments from Champagne Pool hot spring, Waiotapu, New Zealand|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|volume=162|issue=2|pages=323-331|doi=10.1139/e03-068|url=http://mr.crossref.org/iPage/?doi=10.1144%2F0016-764903-058}}</ref>两种特别的[[细菌]]和一种[[古菌]]被成功地从香槟池分离出来。<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hetzer, A.; Morgan, H. W.; McDonald, I. R. and Daughney, C. J.|year=2007|PMID=17426919|title=Microbial life in Champagne Pool, a geothermal spring in Waiotapu, New Zealand|journal=Extremophiles |volume=11|issue=4|pages=605-614}}</ref>


==参考资料==
==参考资料==

2013年2月2日 (六) 15:25的版本

香槟池
(Champagne Pool)
橙色来自硫化砷硫化锑沉淀物
坐标38°37′S 176°35′E / 38.617°S 176.583°E / -38.617; 176.583
湖泊类型地热湖
所在国家新西兰北岛怀奥塔普
最大长度65米
最大深度62米
水体体积50,000米3
滞留时间34天

香槟池(Champagne Pool)是新西兰北岛怀卡托区怀奥塔普地热区的一个著名景点。温泉位于罗托路亚东南30公里,陶波50公里。香槟池的名称来自大量二氧化碳的释出如同玻璃杯中香槟酒的气泡。温泉形成于900年前一次火山爆发的热液。[1]湖的直径约65米,最深处约为65米,估计容积为50,000立方米。[2]

水质化学

香槟池地下深处的地热水温为260°C,[3]但是由于热量散发在空气中,池中水温保持在73°C到75°C。由于二氧化碳的释出,池水pH值相对恒定在5.5。释放的气体主要是二氧化碳,也含有少量氮气甲烷氢气硫化氢氧气[4]硅酸地热液体中含有过饱和的类金属化合物,如硫化砷硫化锑,其沉淀物呈现出橙色。[5]色彩艳丽的沉淀物与香槟池周围灰白的二氧化硅火山灰熔渣形成对比。

生物学

尽管香槟池地球化学特性突出,但是关于它作为微生物形成的研究依然很少。氢气和二氧化碳或者氧气是产烷生物或氢氧化微生物自养生长的新陈代谢能量来源。非培养生物方法提供了温泉中细丝状的、球菌状的和杆状的细胞形态的证据。[4][6][7]两种特别的细菌和一种古菌被成功地从香槟池分离出来。[8]

参考资料

  1. ^ Lloyd, E. F. The hot springs and hydrothermal eruptions of Waiotapu. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 1959, (1): 141–176.  已忽略未知参数|voulme= (帮助)
  2. ^ Hedenquist, J. W. Bulletin of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 1986, 23: 134–168.  缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
  3. ^ Giggenbach, W. F.; Sheppard, D. S.; Robinson, B. W.; Stewart, M. K.; Lyon, G. L. Geochemical structure and position of the Waiotapu geothermal field, New Zealand. Geothermics. 1994, 23 (5-6): 599–644. doi:10.1016/0375-6505(94)90022-1. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Jones, B.; Renaut, R. W.; Rosen, M. R. Biogenicity of gold- and silver-bearing siliceous sinters forming in hot (75 C ) anaerobic spring-waters of Champagne Pool, Waiotapu, North Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Geological Society. 2001, 158 (6): 895–911. doi:10.1144/0016-764900-131. 
  5. ^ Pope, J. G.; Brown, K. L.; McConchie, D. M. Gold concentrations in springs at Waiotapu, New Zealand: Implications for precious metal deposition in geothermal systems. Economic Geology. 2005, 100 (4): 677–687. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.100.4.677. 
  6. ^ Mountain, B. W.; Benning, L. G.and Boerema, J. A. Experimental studies on New Zealand hot spring sinters: rates of growth and textural development. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2003, 40 (11): 1643–1667. doi:10.1139/e03-068.  已忽略未知参数|Bibcode=(建议使用|bibcode=) (帮助)
  7. ^ Phoenix, V. R.; Renaut, R. W.; Jones, B. and Ferris, F. G. Bacterial S-layer preservation and rare arsenic-antimony-sulphide bioimmobilization in siliceous sediments from Champagne Pool hot spring, Waiotapu, New Zealand. Journal of the Geological Society. 2005年, 162 (2): 323–331. doi:10.1139/e03-068. 
  8. ^ Hetzer, A.; Morgan, H. W.; McDonald, I. R. and Daughney, C. J. Microbial life in Champagne Pool, a geothermal spring in Waiotapu, New Zealand. Extremophiles. 2007, 11 (4): 605–614. PMID 17426919.