珊瑚白化：修订间差异

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小 →‎誘發珊瑚白化的因素：​ // Edit via Wikiplus
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健康的珊瑚會出現紅、黃、綠、藍、紫等各種美麗的顏色，而這些顏色是由[[共生藻]]的顏色加上[[珊瑚蟲]]本身的色素所形成的，然而'''珊瑚白化'''（{{lang-en|'''Coral bleaching'''}}）因[[暖流]]匯聚導致[[海水]][[溫度]]過高，或者是水變混濁或[[光線]]不足等等，珊瑚可能會承受不了這種[[環境]]的壓力之情況下產生珊瑚白化的現象<ref>{{cite web |title= 為什麼珊瑚會白化？|url=http://edresource.nmns.edu.tw/ShowObject.aspx?id=0b81d9d8160b81d9d2990b81b762a50b81b7649b |publisher=[[國立自然科學博物館]]學習網|date= |accessdate=2016-06-20 }}</ref>。
健康的珊瑚會出現紅、黃、綠、藍、紫等各種美麗的顏色，而這些顏色是由[[共生藻]]的顏色加上[[珊瑚蟲]]本身的色素所形成的，然而'''珊瑚白化'''（{{lang-en|'''Coral bleaching'''}}）因[[暖流]]匯聚導致[[海水]][[溫度]]過高，或者是水變混濁或[[光線]]不足等等，珊瑚可能會承受不了這種[[環境]]的壓力之情況下產生珊瑚白化的現象<ref>{{cite web |title= 為什麼珊瑚會白化？|url=http://edresource.nmns.edu.tw/ShowObject.aspx?id=0b81d9d8160b81d9d2990b81b762a50b81b7649b |publisher=[[國立自然科學博物館]]學習網|date= |accessdate=2016-06-20 }}</ref>。
==誘發珊瑚白化的因素==
==誘發珊瑚白化的因素==
*海水溫度過高<ref name=Temp>{{cite web|title=REEF 'AT RISK IN CLIMATE CHANGE' |url=http://www.coralcoe.org.au/news_stories/climatechange.html |accessdate=12 July 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20070801020136/http://www.coralcoe.org.au/news_stories/climatechange.html |archivedate=1 August 2007 }}</ref><ref name=KAnthony>Anthony, K. 2007; Berkelmans</ref><ref name=TSaxby2003>{{Cite journal | last1 = Saxby | first1 = T. | last2 = Dennison | first2 = W. C. | last3 = Hoegh-Guldberg | first3 = O. | title = Photosynthetic responses of the coral Montipora digitata to cold temperature stress | doi = 10.3354/meps248085 | journal = Marine Ecology Progress Series | volume = 248 | page = 85 | year = 2003 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Marimuthu, N. |author2=Wilson, J. Jerald |author3=Vinithkumar, N. V. |author4=Kirubagaran, R. |year=2012 |title=Coral reef recovery status in south Andaman Islands after the bleaching event 2010 |journal=Journal of Ocean University of China |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=91–96 |doi=10.1007/s11802-013-2014-2 |bibcode = 2013JOUC...12...91M }}</ref>
*海水溫度過高
*水變混濁
*光線不足
*光線不足
*沉積物增加（包含[[泥]][[沙]]）<ref>{{cite journal |author= Rogers, S.R. |title=Responses of coral reefs and reef organisms to sedimentation |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |volume=62 |pages=185–202 |year=1990 |url=http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/62/m062p185.pdf |doi= 10.3354/meps062185}}</ref>
*沉積物增加（包含[[泥]][[沙]]），引起水變混濁<ref>{{cite journal |author= Rogers, S.R. |title=Responses of coral reefs and reef organisms to sedimentation |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |volume=62 |pages=185–202 |year=1990 |url=http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/62/m062p185.pdf |doi= 10.3354/meps062185}}</ref>
*[[細菌]]感染<ref>{{cite journal |author= Kushmaro, A., Rosenberg, E., Fine, M., Loya, Y. |title=l Beaching of the coral Oculina patagonica by Vibrio AK-1 |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |volume=147 |pages=159–165 |year=1997 |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/lifesci/departments/zoology/members/loya/1108.pdf.pdf |doi= 10.3354/meps147159|last2=Rosenberg |last3=Fine |last4=Loya }}</ref>
*[[細菌]]感染<ref>{{cite journal |author= Kushmaro, A., Rosenberg, E., Fine, M., Loya, Y. |title=l Beaching of the coral Oculina patagonica by Vibrio AK-1 |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |volume=147 |pages=159–165 |year=1997 |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/lifesci/departments/zoology/members/loya/1108.pdf.pdf |doi= 10.3354/meps147159|last2=Rosenberg |last3=Fine |last4=Loya }}</ref>
*[[除草剂]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jones, R.J., Muller, J., Haynes, D., Schrieber, U., |title=Effects of herbicides diuron and atrazine on corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |volume=251 |pages=153–167 |year=2003 |url=http://www.bios-mep.info/(2003)%20Jones,%20Muller,%20Haynes,%20Schreiber%20-%20Marine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series.pdf |doi=10.3354/meps251153 |last2=Muller |last3=Haynes |last4=Schreiber |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100331074104/http://www.bios-mep.info:80/(2003)%20Jones,%20Muller,%20Haynes,%20Schreiber%20-%20Marine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series.pdf |archivedate=2010-03-31 }}</ref>
*[[除草剂]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jones, R.J., Muller, J., Haynes, D., Schrieber, U., |title=Effects of herbicides diuron and atrazine on corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |volume=251 |pages=153–167 |year=2003 |url=http://www.bios-mep.info/(2003)%20Jones,%20Muller,%20Haynes,%20Schreiber%20-%20Marine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series.pdf |doi=10.3354/meps251153 |last2=Muller |last3=Haynes |last4=Schreiber |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100331074104/http://www.bios-mep.info:80/(2003)%20Jones,%20Muller,%20Haynes,%20Schreiber%20-%20Marine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series.pdf |archivedate=2010-03-31 }}</ref>
第21行： 第20行：
*改變水中的化學反應<ref name=Johnson07>{{cite book|first1=Johanna E |last1=Johnson |first2=Paul A |last2=Marshall |title=Climate change and the Great Barrier Reef: a vulnerability assessment |publisher=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority |location=Townsville, Qld. |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-876945-61-9 |url=http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/resources-and-publications/publications/climate-change-and-the-great-barrier-reef-a-vulnerability-assessment |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20140125180404/http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/resources-and-publications/publications/climate-change-and-the-great-barrier-reef-a-vulnerability-assessment |archivedate=2014-01-25 }}</ref><ref name="Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ, et al. 2007 1737–42">{{cite journal |author=Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ |title=Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification |journal=Science |volume=318 |issue=5857 |pages=1737–42 |date=December 2007 |pmid=18079392 |doi=10.1126/science.1152509 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18079392|author2=and others |displayauthors=1 |bibcode=2007Sci...318.1737H |last3=Hooten |last4=Steneck |last5=Greenfield |last6=Gomez |last7=Harvell |last8=Sale |last9=Edwards |last10=Caldeira |last11=Knowlton |last12=Eakin |last13=Iglesias-Prieto |last14=Muthiga |last15=Bradbury |last16=Dubi |last17=Hatziolos }}</ref>
*改變水中的化學反應<ref name=Johnson07>{{cite book|first1=Johanna E |last1=Johnson |first2=Paul A |last2=Marshall |title=Climate change and the Great Barrier Reef: a vulnerability assessment |publisher=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority |location=Townsville, Qld. |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-876945-61-9 |url=http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/resources-and-publications/publications/climate-change-and-the-great-barrier-reef-a-vulnerability-assessment |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20140125180404/http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/resources-and-publications/publications/climate-change-and-the-great-barrier-reef-a-vulnerability-assessment |archivedate=2014-01-25 }}</ref><ref name="Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ, et al. 2007 1737–42">{{cite journal |author=Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ |title=Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification |journal=Science |volume=318 |issue=5857 |pages=1737–42 |date=December 2007 |pmid=18079392 |doi=10.1126/science.1152509 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18079392|author2=and others |displayauthors=1 |bibcode=2007Sci...318.1737H |last3=Hooten |last4=Steneck |last5=Greenfield |last6=Gomez |last7=Harvell |last8=Sale |last9=Edwards |last10=Caldeira |last11=Knowlton |last12=Eakin |last13=Iglesias-Prieto |last14=Muthiga |last15=Bradbury |last16=Dubi |last17=Hatziolos }}</ref>
*增加太陽的輻射量（光合活性放射線和[[紫外線]]）
*增加太陽的輻射量（光合活性放射線和[[紫外線]]）
*退潮和曝光<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Anthony, K.R.N. |author2=Kerswell, A.P. |title=Coral mortality following extreme low tides and high solar radiation |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |volume=151 | issue = 5 |pages=1623–1631 |year=2007 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/br08wn7w147166t3/ |doi=10.1007/s00227-006-0573-0}}</ref>


==大規模白化事件==
==大規模白化事件==

2016年6月20日 (一) 05:49的版本

白化的珊瑚
健康的珊瑚

健康的珊瑚會出現紅、黃、綠、藍、紫等各種美麗的顏色，而這些顏色是由共生藻的顏色加上珊瑚蟲本身的色素所形成的，然而珊瑚白化（英語：Coral bleaching）因暖流匯聚導致海水溫度過高，或者是水變混濁或光線不足等等，珊瑚可能會承受不了這種環境的壓力之情況下產生珊瑚白化的現象[1]。

誘發珊瑚白化的因素

大規模白化事件

根據詹姆斯-庫克大學ARC珊瑚卓越研究中心休斯教授的說法，對湯斯維爾和巴布亞新幾內亞之間的大堡礁北部和中部84種珊瑚進行調查，有35%的珊瑚現在已死亡或正在死亡，由於全球暖化，連續第三年大堡礁出現大規模珊瑚白化現象[13]。

參考資料

  1. ^ 為什麼珊瑚會白化？. 國立自然科學博物館學習網. [2016-06-20]. 
  2. ^ REEF 'AT RISK IN CLIMATE CHANGE'. [12 July 2007]. （原始内容存档于1 August 2007）. 
  3. ^ Anthony, K. 2007; Berkelmans
  4. ^ Saxby, T.; Dennison, W. C.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Photosynthetic responses of the coral Montipora digitata to cold temperature stress. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2003, 248: 85. doi:10.3354/meps248085. 
  5. ^ Marimuthu, N.; Wilson, J. Jerald; Vinithkumar, N. V.; Kirubagaran, R. Coral reef recovery status in south Andaman Islands after the bleaching event 2010. Journal of Ocean University of China. 2012, 12 (1): 91–96. Bibcode:2013JOUC...12...91M. doi:10.1007/s11802-013-2014-2. 
  6. ^ Rogers, S.R. Responses of coral reefs and reef organisms to sedimentation (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1990, 62: 185–202. doi:10.3354/meps062185. 
  7. ^ Kushmaro, A., Rosenberg, E., Fine, M., Loya, Y.; Rosenberg; Fine; Loya. l Beaching of the coral Oculina patagonica by Vibrio AK-1 (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1997, 147: 159–165. doi:10.3354/meps147159. 
  8. ^ Jones, R.J., Muller, J., Haynes, D., Schrieber, U.,; Muller; Haynes; Schreiber. Effects of herbicides diuron and atrazine on corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2003, 251: 153–167. doi:10.3354/meps251153. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-03-31）. 
  9. ^ Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Smith, G.J. The effect of sudden changes in temperature, light and salinity on the population density and export of zooxanthellae from the reef corals Stylophora pistillata Esper and Seriatopora hystrix Dana. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1989, 129 (3): 279–303. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(89)90109-3. 
  10. ^ Johnson, Johanna E; Marshall, Paul A. Climate change and the Great Barrier Reef: a vulnerability assessment. Townsville, Qld.: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. 2007. ISBN 978-1-876945-61-9. （原始内容存档于2014-01-25）. 
  11. ^ Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ; et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science. December 2007, 318 (5857): 1737–42. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1737H. PMID 18079392. doi:10.1126/science.1152509. 
  12. ^ Anthony, K.R.N.; Kerswell, A.P. Coral mortality following extreme low tides and high solar radiation. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2007, 151 (5): 1623–1631. doi:10.1007/s00227-006-0573-0. 
  13. ^ 大堡礁：珊瑚白化現象「令35%珊瑚死亡」. BBC中文新聞網. 2016-05-30 [2016-06-20]. 
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=珊瑚白化&oldid=40527344”