戈尔陨石坑：修订间差异
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox Lunar crater |
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| image = Gorelunarcrater.JPG|240px |
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| caption = 月球轨道器4号拍摄的图像 |
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|image = John Ellard Gore.png |
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| latitude =86.18 |
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| N_or_S =N |
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|caption = 约翰·埃拉德·戈尔 |
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| longitude =62.31 |
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|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1845|6|1}} |
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| E_or_W =W |
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|birth_place = [[爱尔兰]][[韦斯特米斯郡]][[阿斯隆]] |
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| diameter = 9.41公里 |
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|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1910|07|18|1845|6|1}} |
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| depth = 1.56公里 |
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|death_place = [[爱尔兰]][[都柏林]][[格拉夫顿街]] |
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| colong = |
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| eponym = [[约翰·埃拉德·戈尔]] |
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|work_institutions = |
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|alma_mater = [[三一学院 (都柏林)|都柏林三一学院]] |
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|known_for = |
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|author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo = |
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}} |
}} |
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[[image:Hermite - LROC - WAC.JPG|240px|thumb|right|戈尔陨石坑的周边，[[月球勘测轨道飞行器]]拍摄。]] |
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'''约翰·埃拉德·戈尔'''(John Ellard Gore)是前一位[[爱尔兰]][[业余天文学|业余天文学家]]暨多产的[[作家]]，也是英国天文协会创始会员之一。 |
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'''戈尔陨石坑'''（Gore）是位于[[月球正面]][[月球北极|北极]]附近的一座小[[撞击坑]]，其名称取自[[爱尔兰]][[业余天文学|业余天文学家]]"[[约翰·埃拉德·戈尔]]"(1845年-1910年)，2009年1月22日被[[国际天文学联合会]]正式接受<ref>http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14528</ref>。 |
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他主要的兴趣点集中于寻找[[变星]]，曾先后发现了数颗，其中最著名的有18845年的[[天鹅座W|天鹅座 W]]、1885年的[[猎户座U|猎户座 U]]等，并独立地发现了[[英仙座GK|英仙座新星]]<ref name=Shears>{{cite arxiv| title = John Ellard Gore: of immensity and minuteness | arxiv = 1203.6467| author = Shears, Jeremy }}</ref><ref name=EBriggs>{{cite web| title = Obituary of John Ellard Gore (The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada) | url = http://www.rasc.ca/corresponding-member-mr-j-ellard-gore | author = E. Briggs | accessdate = 2014-01-29}}</ref><ref name="fitzgerald1966">{{cite journal |
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| last = FitzGerald |
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| first = A. P. |
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| author-link = |
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| title = John Ellard Gore (1845–1910) |
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| journal = [[Irish Astronomical Journal]] |
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| volume = 7 |
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| number = 7/8 |
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| pages = 213–219 |
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| publisher = |
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| date = 1966 |
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| place = |
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| bibcode = 1966IrAJ....7..213F |
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| url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1966IrAJ....7..213F |
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| accessdate = 2016-01-28 |
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}}</ref><ref name="obit_mnras">{{cite journal |
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| title = John Ellard Gore |
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| journal = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |
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| volume = 71 |
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| number = 4 |
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| pages = 256–257 |
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| publisher = [[Royal Astronomical Society]] |
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| date = 1911 |
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| place = London |
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| bibcode = 1911MNRAS..71R.256. |
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| url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1911MNRAS..71R.256. |
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| accessdate = 2016-01-28 |
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| doi=10.1093/mnras/71.4.256a |
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}}</ref><ref name="obit_popastron">{{cite journal |
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| last = Macpherson |
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| first = Hector |
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| author-link = Hector Macpherson (astronomer) |
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| title = John Ellard Gore |
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| journal = [[Popular Astronomy (US magazine)|Popular Astronomy]] |
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| volume = 18 |
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| number = 9 |
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| pages = 519–525 |
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| publisher = |
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| date = 1910 |
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| bibcode = 1910PA.....18..519M |
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| url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1910PA.....18..519M |
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| accessdate = 2016-01-28 |
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}}</ref><ref name="obit_obs">{{cite journal |
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| last = Hollis |
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| first = Henry Park |
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| author-link = |
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| title = John Ellard Gore |
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| journal = [[The Observatory (journal)|The Observatory]] |
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| volume = 311 |
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| issue = 425 |
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| pages = 316–318 |
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| date = 1910 |
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| bibcode = 1910Obs....33..311. |
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| url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1910Obs....33..311./0000316.000.html |
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| accessdate = 2016-01-28 |
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}}</ref><ref name="obit_jbaa">{{cite journal |
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| last = Lynn |
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| first = W. T. |
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| author-link = |
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| title = John Ellard Gore |
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| journal = [[Journal of the British Astronomical Association]] |
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| volume = 20 |
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| number = 9 |
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| pages = 483–484 |
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| publisher = [[British Astronomical Association]] |
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| date = 1910 |
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| place = London, Britain |
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| bibcode = 1910JBAA...20..483. |
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| url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1910JBAA...20..483. |
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| accessdate = 2016-01-28 |
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}}</ref><ref name="dnb"/><ref name="odnb">{{cite encyclopedia |
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| last1 = Hollis |
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| first1 = Henry Park |
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| author-link1 = |
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| last2 = Elliott |
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| first2 = Ian |
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| author2-link = |
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| contribution = Gore, John Ellard |
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| date = 2004 |
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| encyclopedia = [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |
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| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |
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| place = Oxford, England |
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| doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/33473 |
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| accessdate = 2016-01-28 |
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| chapter-url = http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/33473 |
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}}</ref><ref name="biogencastron">{{cite book |
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| last = Elliott |
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| first = Ian |
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| author-link = |
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| contribution = Gore, John Ellard |
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| date = 2007 |
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| pages = 830–832 |
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| title = [[Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers]] |
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| editor-last = Hockey | editor-first = Thomas |
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| editor2-last = Trimble | editor2-first = Virginia |
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| editor3-last = Williams | editor3-first = Thomas R. |
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| publisher = [[Springer Publishing]] |
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| place = New York |
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| isbn = 978-1-4419-9917-7 |
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| doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_531 |
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| chapter-url = http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_531 |
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| accessdate = 2016-01-28 |
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}}</ref>。 2009年[[国际天文学联合会]]以他的名字命名了月球上的[[戈尔陨石坑]]<ref name=Union/>。 |
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== |
==描述== |
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该陨坑西侧坐落了巨大的[[埃尔米特环形山]]、西北和北面毗邻略大的[[埃皮努斯环形山|埃皮努斯陨石坑]]和[[欣谢尔伍德陨石坑]]，古老的[[皮里环形山]]位于它的东北、它的东面和西南分别为残损的[[弗洛里环形山]]和[[格林尼亚陨石坑]]<ref>[http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_1_wac.pdf Crater Gore on the map LAC-1.]</ref>。该陨坑中心[[月面坐标]]为{{Coord|86.18|N|62.31|W|globe:Moon|nogoogle=1|noosm=1}}，直径9.41公里<ref>[http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14528 Directory of the International Astronomical Union]</ref>，深约1.56公里<ref name=LICD>Lunar Impact Crater Database</ref>。 |
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1845年约翰·埃拉德·戈尔出生于[[爱尔兰]][[韦斯特米斯郡]]的[[阿斯隆]]，是约翰·里伯顿·戈尔和弗朗西丝·布拉巴赞·埃拉德的长子，他共有3个弟弟和1个妹妹。戈尔家族是第一男爵保罗·戈尔爵士的后裔，约翰的曾祖父为第一男爵亚瑟·戈尔爵士(保罗·戈尔的次子)。约翰曾就读于[[三一学院 (都柏林)|都柏林三一学院]]，1865年获得土木工程文凭。 |
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戈尔陨石坑是一座壁沿尖峭的圆杯状撞击坑，受磨损程度一般，陨坑内侧壁陡峭，具有的较高的[[反照率]]。它的坑壁平均高出周边地形表面350米<ref name="LICD"/>，内部容积约有33.33公里<sup>3</sup><ref name="LICD"/>。由于地处北极附近，其坑底几乎永久笼罩在黑暗中。 |
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==职业生涯== |
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约翰·戈尔在被任命为印度公共工程部西赫敦运河项目副工程师前，曾在爱尔兰做过二年的铁路工程师。1877年曾回爱尔兰休假二年，并一直与父亲住在[[斯莱戈郡]]的巴利萨代尔。工作11年后，他于1879年退休，并在1894年父亲去世后，移居到[[都柏林]]，在那儿他毕生致力于天文事业。 |
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== |
==参考资料== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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戈尔没有受过正规的天文学培训，他在印度工作时就开始研究天空。当时，他仅依靠肉眼、双筒望远镜、一架3英寸的望远镜和一具10厘米的赤道上的望远镜<ref name=Shears />。他撰写的第一本书《小望远镜观察的南方天体》于1877年在印度出版。 |
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==另请参阅== |
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在1877年回到爱尔兰时，所使用的只有一架3英寸望远镜和一具双筒望远镜<ref name="Holberg2007">{{cite book|author=Jay B. Holberg|title=Sirius: Brightest Diamond in the Night Sky|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zc3zw-YgOPkC&pg=PA92|date=2007-07-05|publisher=Praxis Publishing Limited, Chichester, UK|isbn=978-0-387-48942-1|pages=92–}}</ref>。他先是在斯莱戈郡，后又在都柏林诺顿兰德街3号架设了一座观测台。他最大的贡献是对[[双星]]和[[变星]]的研究，并发表了变星和双星星表<ref>{{Citation |
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{{refbegin}} |
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| title = A Medieval Irish Treatise on Astronomy Recalled |
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* {{cite book |
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| url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1998IrAJ...25...49B&db_key=AST&page_ind=1&plate_select=NO&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_GIF&classic=YES |
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| last1 = Andersson |
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| journal = [[Irish Astronomical Journal]] |
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| first1 = L. E. |
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| last2 = |
| last2 = Whitaker |
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| first2 = E. A. |
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| accessdate = 2016-01-28 | bibcode = 1998IrAJ...25...49B }}, see p. 50</ref>。 |
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| authorlink2 = Ewen Whitaker |
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| date = 1982 |
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1910年7月18日他在都柏林一次街头事故中不幸罹难<ref name="dnb">{{cite DNB12|wstitle=Gore, John Ellard |first=Henry Park |last=Hollis}}</ref>。 |
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| title = [[NASA]] Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature |
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| publisher = NASA RP-1097 |
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==遗产== |
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| ref = harv |
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2009年[[国际天文学联合会]]以戈尔之名命名了一座位于[[月球正面]][[月球北极|北极]]附近的[[撞击坑]]<ref name=Union>{{Citation | title = Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Gore on Moon | url = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14528 | author = International Astronomical Union Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature | author-link = International Astronomical Union | journal = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature | accessdate = 2016-01-28}}</ref>。 |
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}} |
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==备注== |
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* {{cite web |
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{{Reflist}} |
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| last = Blue |
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| first = Jennifer |
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| date = July 25, 2007 |
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| title = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature |
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| publisher = [[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] |
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| url = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/ |
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| accessdate = 2007-08-05 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last1 = Bussey |
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| first1 = B. |
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| authorlink1 = Ben Bussey |
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| last2 = Spudis |
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| first2 = P. |
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| authorlink2 = Paul Spudis |
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| date = 2004 |
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| title = The Clementine Atlas of the Moon |
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| publisher = Cambridge University Press |
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| location = New York |
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| isbn = 978-0-521-81528-4 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last1 = Cocks |
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| first1 = Elijah E. |
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| last2 = Cocks |
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| first2 = Josiah C. |
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| date = 1995 |
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| title = Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature |
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| publisher = Tudor Publishers |
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| isbn = 978-0-936389-27-1 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| last = McDowell |
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| first = Jonathan |
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| date = July 15, 2007 |
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| url = http://host.planet4589.org/astro/lunar/ |
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| title = Lunar Nomenclature |
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| publisher = Jonathan's Space Report |
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| accessdate = 2007-10-24 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite journal| last1 = Menzel| first1 = D. H.| last2 = Minnaert| first2 = M.| last3 = Levin| first3 = B.| last4 = Dollfus| first4 = A.| last5 = Bell| first5 = B.| title = Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU| doi = 10.1007/BF00171763| journal = Space Science Reviews| volume = 12| issue = 2| pages = 136–186| year = 1971| pmid = | pmc =| bibcode = 1971SSRv...12..136M| ref = harv}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| first = Patrick |
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| last = Moore |
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| authorlink = Patrick Moore |
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| date = 2001 |
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| title = On the Moon |
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| publisher = Sterling Publishing Co |
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| isbn = 978-0-304-35469-6 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| first = Fred W. |
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| last = Price |
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| date = 1988 |
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| title = The Moon Observer's Handbook |
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| publisher = Cambridge University Press |
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| isbn = 978-0-521-33500-3 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last = Rükl |
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| first = Antonín |
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| authorlink = Antonín Rükl |
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| date = 1990 |
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| title = Atlas of the Moon |
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| publisher = Kalmbach Books |
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| isbn = 978-0-913135-17-4 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last = Webb |
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| first = Rev. T. W. |
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| authorlink = Thomas William Webb |
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| date = 1962 |
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| title = Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes |
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| edition = 6th revised |
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| publisher = Dover |
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| isbn = 978-0-486-20917-3 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| first = Ewen A. |
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| last = Whitaker |
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| authorlink = Ewen Whitaker |
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| date = 1999 |
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| title = Mapping and Naming the Moon |
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| publisher = Cambridge University Press |
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| isbn = 978-0-521-62248-6 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| first = Peter T. |
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| last = Wlasuk |
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| date = 2000 |
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| title = Observing the Moon |
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| publisher = Springer |
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| isbn = 978-1-85233-193-1 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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{{refend}} |
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==外部链接== |
==外部链接== |
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* [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_1_lo.pdf LAC-1 区] - 月球北极地图 |
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* {{Gutenberg author | id=Gore,+J.+Ellard+(John+Ellard) | name=约翰·埃拉德·戈尔}} |
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* [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/Gore 维基月球在线解说-戈尔陨石坑.] |
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* {{Internet Archive author |sname=约翰·埃拉德·戈尔|sopt=t}} |
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* [http://planet4589.org/astro/lunar/RP-1097.pdf Andersson, L.E., and E.A. Whitaker, 美国宇航局月球地名目录, 美国宇航局参考出版物1097, 1982年10月.] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:月球环形山|G]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:约翰·埃拉德·戈尔}} |
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[[Category:1910年逝世]] |
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[[Category:韦斯特米斯郡人]] |
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[[Category:20世纪爱尔兰作家]] |
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[[Category:20世纪男作家]] |
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[[Category:业余天文学家]] |
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[[Category:皇家天文学会院士]] |
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[[Category:爱尔兰天文学家 ]] |
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[[Category:都柏林三一学院校友]] |
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[[Category:爱尔兰非小说作家]] |
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[[Category:19世纪天文学家]] |
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2017年8月7日 (一) 14:52的版本
| 戈尔陨石坑 | |
|---|---|
 月球轨道器4号拍摄的图像 | |
| 纬度 | 86.18°N |
| 经度 | 62.31°W |
| 直径 | 9.41公里 |
| 深度 | 1.56公里 |
| 命名来源 | 约翰·埃拉德·戈尔 |
戈尔陨石坑（Gore）是位于月球正面北极附近的一座小撞击坑，其名称取自爱尔兰业余天文学家"约翰·埃拉德·戈尔"(1845年-1910年)，2009年1月22日被国际天文学联合会正式接受[1]。
描述
该陨坑西侧坐落了巨大的埃尔米特环形山、西北和北面毗邻略大的埃皮努斯陨石坑和欣谢尔伍德陨石坑，古老的皮里环形山位于它的东北、它的东面和西南分别为残损的弗洛里环形山和格林尼亚陨石坑[2]。该陨坑中心月面坐标为86°11′N 62°19′W / 86.18°N 62.31°W，直径9.41公里[3]，深约1.56公里[4]。
戈尔陨石坑是一座壁沿尖峭的圆杯状撞击坑，受磨损程度一般，陨坑内侧壁陡峭，具有的较高的反照率。它的坑壁平均高出周边地形表面350米[4]，内部容积约有33.33公里3[4]。由于地处北极附近，其坑底几乎永久笼罩在黑暗中。
参考资料
- ^ http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14528
- ^ Crater Gore on the map LAC-1.
- ^ Directory of the International Astronomical Union
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lunar Impact Crater Database
另请参阅
- Andersson, L. E.; Whitaker, E. A. NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA RP-1097. 1982.
- Blue, Jennifer. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS. July 25, 2007 [2007-08-05].
- Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
- Cocks, Elijah E.; Cocks, Josiah C. Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature. Tudor Publishers. 1995. ISBN 978-0-936389-27-1.
- McDowell, Jonathan. Lunar Nomenclature. Jonathan's Space Report. July 15, 2007 [2007-10-24].
- Menzel, D. H.; Minnaert, M.; Levin, B.; Dollfus, A.; Bell, B. Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU. Space Science Reviews. 1971, 12 (2): 136–186. Bibcode:1971SSRv...12..136M. doi:10.1007/BF00171763.
- Moore, Patrick. On the Moon. Sterling Publishing Co. 2001. ISBN 978-0-304-35469-6.
- Price, Fred W. The Moon Observer's Handbook. Cambridge University Press. 1988. ISBN 978-0-521-33500-3.
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