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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Maki Kawai
| workplaces = [[东京大学]] <br>[[理化学研究所]] <br>Institute for Molecular Science
| alma_mater = [[东京大学]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/pros-e/person/maki_kawai/maki_kawai.htm}}
}}

'''Maki Kawai''' is a Japanese chemist who developed spatially selective single-molecule spectroscopy. In 2018 she became the first woman to become president of the {{tsl|en|Chemical Society of Japan||Chemical Society of Japan}}.

== Early life and education ==
Kawai earned her bachelor's degree at the [[东京大学]] in 1975.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/pros-e/person/maki_kawai/maki_kawai.htm|title=Maki Kawai|website=www.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp|language=en|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref> She completed her doctoral studies at the [[东京大学]] in 1980.<ref name=":0" /> Her PhD was supervised by Kenji Tamaru.

== Research and career ==
Kawai was a postdoctoral researcher at [[理化学研究所]] between 1980 and 1982.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.chemistry.or.jp/en/news/2017/prof-maki-kawai-is-elected-the-next-president-of-the-csj.html|title=Prof. Maki Kawai is elected the next President of the CSJ|work=The Chemical Society of Japan|access-date=2018-08-25|language=en-US}}</ref> She joined the [[东京大学]] as a {{tsl|en|Japan Society for the Promotion of Science||Japan Society for the Promotion of Science}} fellow in 1982.<ref name=":1" /> Her research considers the vibrational dynamics of single-molecules at surfaces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://groups.oist.jp/ndu/event/single-molecule-spectroscopy-using-stm-prof-maki-kawai|title="Single molecule spectroscopy using STM" Prof. Maki Kawai {{!}} OIST Groups|website=groups.oist.jp|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=KyushuUniv|title=2017/01/24 I²CNER Seminar Series Dr. Maki Kawai|date=2017-03-21|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q2KX0nUE5U|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref><ref name="Katano 3003–3007">{{Cite journal|last=Katano|first=Satoshi|last2=Kim|first2=Yousoo|last3=Kagata|first3=Yuma|last4=Kawai|first4=Maki|date=2010-02-02|title=Single-Molecule Vibrational Spectroscopy and Inelastic-Tunneling-Electron-Induced Diffusion of Formate Adsorbed on Ni(110)|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry C|language=EN|volume=114|issue=7|pages=3003–3007|doi=10.1021/jp909394q|issn=1932-7447}}</ref> Her group use STM to monitor molecules and atoms on top of surfaces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.riken.jp/en/research/rikenresearch/highlights/5112/|title=Chemical reaction singled out {{!}} RIKEN|website=www.riken.jp|language=en|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref> She uses this to understand the chemical and physical phenomena of nanowires, nanodots and biomolecules.<ref name=":0" /> She was awarded fellowships from the ''Surface Science Society of Japan'' and [[美國物理學會]] to develop single molecule spectroscopy.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ims.ac.jp/en/research/head/kawai.html|title=KAWAI, Maki {{!}} Research {{!}} Institute for Molecular Science|website=www.ims.ac.jp|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref> Her group monitor the vibrational and relaxation energies of single molecules using [[扫描隧道显微镜]] and inelastically tunnelled electrons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.csj.jp/csj-en/membership/awards/achieve/2008-kawai.html|title=CSJ Award 2008-Prof.Maki Kawai|website=www.csj.jp|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref> She has contributed to several books and hundreds of peer-reviewed publications.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=1juFUF9u2LIC&dq=single+molecule+maki+kawai|title=Functionalization of Semiconductor Surfaces|last=Tao|first=Franklin (Feng)|date=2012-04-10|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470562949|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=hhsGCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA215&dq=maki+kawai|title=Dynamic Processes on Solid Surfaces|last=Tamaru|first=Kenzi|date=2013-06-29|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781489916365|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=7V2SK8ZIGBoC&pg=PA271&dq=maki+kawai|title=One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics: The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 1911-2011|last=James|first=Jeremiah|last2=Steinhauser|first2=Thomas|last3=Hoffmann|first3=Dieter|last4=Friedrich|first4=Bretislav|date=2011-10-27|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110239546|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.co.jp/citations?hl=ja&user=6_CXetMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate|title=Maki Kawai - Google Scholar Citations|website=scholar.google.co.jp|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref> Kawai continued to be supported by the {{tsl|en|Japan Society for the Promotion of Science||Japan Society for the Promotion of Science}}, investigating nanoscale electron transport through molecular layers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jsps.go.jp/j-grantsinaid/27_kdata/kohyo/data/h17/02/1-6-8.pdf|title=Grants in Aid|last=|first=|date=|website=JSPS|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-08-27}}</ref> By combining single molecule spectroscopy (using {{tsl|en|scanning tunneling spectroscopy||scanning tunneling spectroscopy}}) with {{tsl|en|inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy||inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy}} to identify electron transfer channels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://groups.oist.jp/ndu/event/single-molecule-spectroscopy-using-stm-prof-maki-kawai|title="Single molecule spectroscopy using STM" Prof. Maki Kawai {{!}} OIST Groups|website=groups.oist.jp|access-date=2018-08-27}}</ref><ref name="Katano 3003–3007"/> She discovered a new reaction pathway in [[二氧化鈦]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tohoku.ac.jp/en/press/news20150709.html|title=Tunneling out of the Surface|access-date=2018-08-27|language=en}}</ref>

Kawai became Chief Scientist and Director of Surface Chemistry Laboratory at [[理化学研究所]] in 1991 and an executive director in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.riken.go.jp/lab-www/surf-chem/maki/maki.html|title=Home page of Maki Kawai|website=www.riken.go.jp|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref> She was made a professor at the [[东京大学]] in 2004.<ref name=":1" /> Kawai joined the Institute of Molecular Science as Director General in 2016.<ref name=":1" /> She was appointed President of the {{tsl|en|Chemical Society of Japan||Chemical Society of Japan}} in 2018.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/japanese-chemical-society-elects-first-female-president/3009063.article|title=Japanese chemical society elects first female president|work=Chemistry World|access-date=2018-08-25|language=en}}</ref>

=== Awards and honours ===
*2019 [[世界杰出女科学家成就奖]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/21st-edition-loreal-unesco-international-awards-women-science|title=21st edition of the L’Oréal-UNESCO international awards for women in science|website=Unesco|access-date=2019-02-23}}</ref>
*2018 [[基尔大学]] Diels-Planck Lecture<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uni-kiel.de/pressemeldungen/index.php?pmid=2018-133-dpl2018&lang=en&pr=1|title=Uni Kiel  {{!}}  Diels-Planck Lecture 2018 goes to Maki Kawai|website=www.uni-kiel.de|access-date=2018-08-27}}</ref>
*2017 Medal of Honour with Purple Ribbon from the Japanese government<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.riken.jp/en/pr/topics/2017/20171122_1/|title=Two RIKEN researchers awarded Medal with Purple Ribbon {{!}} RIKEN|website=www.riken.jp|language=en|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref>
*2016 {{tsl|en|American Vacuum Society||American Vacuum Society}} {{tsl|en|Medard W. Welch Award||Medard W. Welch Award}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avs.org/symposium/awards-1|title=AVS Professional Awards|last=|first=|date=2016|website=American Vacuum Society|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref>
*2015 [[國際純化學和應用化學聯合會]] Distinguished Women in Chemistry / Chemical Engineering<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-30|title=IUPAC 2015 Distinguished Women in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|language=en|volume=54|issue=30|pages=8593|doi=10.1002/anie.201505537|issn=1433-7851}}</ref>
*2015 [[马克斯·普朗克学会]] Gerhard Ertl Lecture Award<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uni-kiel.de/pressemeldungen/index.php?pmid=2018-133-dpl2018&lang=en&pr=1|title=Uni Kiel  {{!}}  Diels-Planck Lecture 2018 goes to Maki Kawai|website=www.uni-kiel.de|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicat.tu-berlin.de/index.php?id=1349&L=1Ansorge-Schumacher%2527A%253D0|title=Unifying Concepts in Catalysis: 2015 Gerhard Ertl Lecture|website=www.unicat.tu-berlin.de|language=en|access-date=2018-08-27}}</ref>
*2012 Mukai Award, Japan<ref name=":2" />
*2008 Commendation for Science and Technology by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Prize for Science and Technology
*2009 Chemical Society of Japan Award<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.riken.go.jp/lab-www/surf-chem/awarde.html|title=awards|website=www.riken.go.jp|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:日本化学家]]
<!-- 没有链接 -->[[Category:Japanese women scientists]]
[[Category:女性化學家]]
[[Category:東京大學校友]]
[[Category:東京大學教師]]
<!-- 没有链接 -->[[Category:Riken personnel]]
<!-- 没有链接 -->[[Category:Recipients of the Medal of Honor (Japan)]]
<!-- 没有链接 -->[[Category:Chemical Society of Japan]]

2019年3月10日 (日) 02:49的版本

Maki Kawai
母校东京大学
网站www.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/pros-e/person/maki_kawai/maki_kawai.htm
科学生涯
机构东京大学
理化学研究所
Institute for Molecular Science

Maki Kawai is a Japanese chemist who developed spatially selective single-molecule spectroscopy. In 2018 she became the first woman to become president of the Chemical Society of Japan（英语：Chemical Society of Japan）.

Early life and education

Kawai earned her bachelor's degree at the 东京大学 in 1975.[1] She completed her doctoral studies at the 东京大学 in 1980.[1] Her PhD was supervised by Kenji Tamaru.

Research and career

Kawai was a postdoctoral researcher at 理化学研究所 between 1980 and 1982.[2] She joined the 东京大学 as a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science（英语：Japan Society for the Promotion of Science） fellow in 1982.[2] Her research considers the vibrational dynamics of single-molecules at surfaces.[3][4][5] Her group use STM to monitor molecules and atoms on top of surfaces.[6] She uses this to understand the chemical and physical phenomena of nanowires, nanodots and biomolecules.[1] She was awarded fellowships from the Surface Science Society of Japan and 美國物理學會 to develop single molecule spectroscopy.[7] Her group monitor the vibrational and relaxation energies of single molecules using 扫描隧道显微镜 and inelastically tunnelled electrons.[8] She has contributed to several books and hundreds of peer-reviewed publications.[9][10][11][12] Kawai continued to be supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science（英语：Japan Society for the Promotion of Science）, investigating nanoscale electron transport through molecular layers.[13] By combining single molecule spectroscopy (using scanning tunneling spectroscopy（英语：scanning tunneling spectroscopy）) with inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy（英语：inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy） to identify electron transfer channels.[14][5] She discovered a new reaction pathway in 二氧化鈦.[15]

Kawai became Chief Scientist and Director of Surface Chemistry Laboratory at 理化学研究所 in 1991 and an executive director in 2010.[16] She was made a professor at the 东京大学 in 2004.[2] Kawai joined the Institute of Molecular Science as Director General in 2016.[2] She was appointed President of the Chemical Society of Japan（英语：Chemical Society of Japan） in 2018.[2][17]

Awards and honours

References

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Maki Kawai. www.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp. [2018-08-25] （英语）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Prof. Maki Kawai is elected the next President of the CSJ. The Chemical Society of Japan. [2018-08-25] （美国英语）. 
  3. ^ "Single molecule spectroscopy using STM" Prof. Maki Kawai | OIST Groups. groups.oist.jp. [2018-08-25]. 
  4. ^ KyushuUniv, 2017/01/24 I²CNER Seminar Series Dr. Maki Kawai, 2017-03-21 [2018-08-25] 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Katano, Satoshi; Kim, Yousoo; Kagata, Yuma; Kawai, Maki. Single-Molecule Vibrational Spectroscopy and Inelastic-Tunneling-Electron-Induced Diffusion of Formate Adsorbed on Ni(110). The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2010-02-02, 114 (7): 3003–3007. ISSN 1932-7447. doi:10.1021/jp909394q （英语）. 
  6. ^ Chemical reaction singled out | RIKEN. www.riken.jp. [2018-08-25] （英语）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 KAWAI, Maki | Research | Institute for Molecular Science. www.ims.ac.jp. [2018-08-25]. 
  8. ^ CSJ Award 2008-Prof.Maki Kawai. www.csj.jp. [2018-08-25]. 
  9. ^ Tao, Franklin (Feng). Functionalization of Semiconductor Surfaces. John Wiley & Sons. 2012-04-10. ISBN 9780470562949 （英语）. 
  10. ^ Tamaru, Kenzi. Dynamic Processes on Solid Surfaces. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013-06-29. ISBN 9781489916365 （英语）. 
  11. ^ James, Jeremiah; Steinhauser, Thomas; Hoffmann, Dieter; Friedrich, Bretislav. One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics: The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 1911-2011. Walter de Gruyter. 2011-10-27. ISBN 9783110239546 （英语）. 
  12. ^ Maki Kawai - Google Scholar Citations. scholar.google.co.jp. [2018-08-25]. 
  13. ^ Grants in Aid (PDF). JSPS. [2018-08-27]. 
  14. ^ "Single molecule spectroscopy using STM" Prof. Maki Kawai | OIST Groups. groups.oist.jp. [2018-08-27]. 
  15. ^ Tunneling out of the Surface. [2018-08-27] （英语）. 
  16. ^ Home page of Maki Kawai. www.riken.go.jp. [2018-08-25]. 
  17. ^ Japanese chemical society elects first female president. Chemistry World. [2018-08-25] （英语）. 
  18. ^ 21st edition of the L’Oréal-UNESCO international awards for women in science. Unesco. [2019-02-23]. 
  19. ^ Uni Kiel  |  Diels-Planck Lecture 2018 goes to Maki Kawai. www.uni-kiel.de. [2018-08-27]. 
  20. ^ Two RIKEN researchers awarded Medal with Purple Ribbon | RIKEN. www.riken.jp. [2018-08-25] （英语）. 
  21. ^ AVS Professional Awards. American Vacuum Society. 2016 [2018-08-25]. 
  22. ^ IUPAC 2015 Distinguished Women in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2015-06-30, 54 (30): 8593. ISSN 1433-7851. doi:10.1002/anie.201505537 （英语）. 
  23. ^ Uni Kiel  |  Diels-Planck Lecture 2018 goes to Maki Kawai. www.uni-kiel.de. [2018-08-25]. 
  24. ^ Unifying Concepts in Catalysis: 2015 Gerhard Ertl Lecture. www.unicat.tu-berlin.de. [2018-08-27] （英语）. 
  25. ^ awards. www.riken.go.jp. [2018-08-25]. 
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