成虫盘：修订间差异
Newmangling（留言 | 贡献） ←建立内容为“{{Infobox animal | name = 成虫盘 | image = File:Imaginal_Disc.png | image_size = | caption = 昆虫幼体对应于腿部的成虫盘 }} '''成虫盘'''是完全变态的昆虫幼体中一部分组织，将在蛹化时变为成體的各个组成部分。<ref>{{cite journal | title = The legacy of Drosophila imaginal discs…”的新页面 |
Newmangling（留言 | 贡献） 无编辑摘要 |
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'''成虫盘'''是[[完全变态]]的[[昆虫]][[幼体]]中一部分组织，将在[[蛹|蛹化]]时变为[[成體]]的各个组成部分。<ref>{{cite journal | title = The legacy of Drosophila imaginal discs, introduction | last1 = Beira | first1 = Jorge V. | last2 = Paro | first2 = Renato | date = 7 May 2016| pmc=5023726 | pmid=27153833 | doi=10.1007/s00412-016-0595-4 | volume=125 | issue=4 | journal=Chromosoma | pages=573–92}}</ref>在[[幼体]]中，这些盘（disc）状组织将会变为{{tsl|en|insect wing|昆虫翅膀}}、[[腿_(节肢动物)|腿]]、[[觸角]]或[[成體]]的其它部分。最先被[[扬·斯瓦默丹]]发现并命名。<ref>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/annualreport191719ento/annualreport191719ento_djvu.txt | title = Forty-Eighth Annual Report of the entomological society of Ontario | date = 1917| website = archive.org | publisher = Ontario Department of Agriculture| access-date = 7 August 2017}}</ref> |
'''成虫盘'''是[[完全变态]]的[[昆虫]][[幼体]]中一部分组织，将在[[蛹|蛹化]]时变为[[成體]]的各个组成部分。<ref>{{cite journal | title = The legacy of Drosophila imaginal discs, introduction | last1 = Beira | first1 = Jorge V. | last2 = Paro | first2 = Renato | date = 7 May 2016| pmc=5023726 | pmid=27153833 | doi=10.1007/s00412-016-0595-4 | volume=125 | issue=4 | journal=Chromosoma | pages=573–92}}</ref>在[[幼体]]中，这些盘（disc）状组织将会变为{{tsl|en|insect wing|昆虫翅膀}}、[[腿_(节肢动物)|腿]]、[[觸角]]或[[成體]]的其它部分。最先被[[扬·斯瓦默丹]]发现并命名。<ref>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/annualreport191719ento/annualreport191719ento_djvu.txt | title = Forty-Eighth Annual Report of the entomological society of Ontario | date = 1917| website = archive.org | publisher = Ontario Department of Agriculture| access-date = 7 August 2017}}</ref> |
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During the pupal stage, many larval structures are broken down, and adult structures, including the discs, undergo rapid development. Each disc everts and elongates, with the central portion of the disc becoming the distal part of whichever appendage it is forming: the wing, leg, antenna, etc. During the larval stage, the cells in the growing disc appear undifferentiated, but their developmental fate in the adult is already determined.<ref>{{cite journal | title = The legacy of Drosophila imaginal discs, The development of imaginal discs and their embryonic origin | last1 = Beira | first1 = Jorge V. | last2 = Paro | first2 = Renato | date = 7 May 2016| pmc=5023726 | pmid=27153833 | doi=10.1007/s00412-016-0595-4 | volume=125 | issue=4 | journal=Chromosoma | pages=573–92}}</ref> |
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The experiment that demonstrates this developmental commitment is to take an imaginal disc from a [[instar|third instar]] larva, about to undergo pupation, and subdivide it and culture it in the body of a younger larva. Discs can be continuously cultured this way for many larval generations. When such a cultured disc is eventually implanted in the body of a larva that is allowed to pupate, the disc will develop into the structure it was originally determined to become. That is, an antenna disc can be cultured this way and will, almost always, become an antenna (out of place, of course) when final development is triggered by pupation.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Evagination of imaginal discs in the fleshfly Sarcophaga crassipalpis: Hormonal control in vivo|journal = Wilhelm Roux's Archives of Developmental Biology|last= Sivasubramanian |first= P. |date= 14 July 1977 |doi=10.1007/BF00848780 |pmid = 28304898|volume=183 |issue=2 |pages=101–106}}</ref> |
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The study of imaginal discs in the fruit fly ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' led to the discovery of [[Homeotic genes|homeotic mutations]] such as [[antennapedia]], where the developmental fate of a disc could sometimes change. It is of interest to entomologists that the kinds of developmental switches that occur are very specific (leg to antenna, for instance). Study of this phenomenon led to the discovery of the [[homeobox]] genes, and started a revolution in the understanding of development in multi-celled animals.<ref>{{cite journal | title = HOX GENES: Seductive Science, Mysterious Mechanisms, Introduction | last1 = Lappence | first1 = Terry RJ | last2 = Grier | first2 = David G. | last3 = Thompson | first3 = Alexander | last4 = Halliday | first4 = Henry L. | pmc=1891803 | pmid=16457401 | volume=75 | issue=1 | journal=Ulster Med J | pages=23–31| year = 2006 }}</ref> |
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==Imaginal cells== |
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[[File:Drosophila imaginal discs.jpg|thumb|alt=Dissected Drosophila imaginal discs.|Three imaginal discs that will form legs, taken from Drosophila melanogaster 3rd instar larva. The discs are stained with a [[Hedgehog signaling pathway|hedgehog -protein]] specific staining, showing the protein's localization.]] |
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Imaginal cells are tissue-specific progenitors allocated in [[embryogenesis]] that remain quiescent during embryonic and larval life. During ''Drosophila'' metamorphosis, most larval cells die. Pupal and adult tissues form from imaginal cells. Clonal analysis and fate mapping of single, identified cells show that tracheal system remodeling at metamorphosis involves a classical imaginal cell population and a population of differentiated, functional larval tracheal cells that reenter the cell cycle and regain developmental potency. In late larvae, both populations are activated and proliferate, spread over and replace old branches, and diversify into various stalk and coiled tracheolar cells under control of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Thus, ''Drosophila'' pupal/adult tissue progenitors can arise both by early allocation of multipotent cells and late return of differentiated cells to a multipotent state, even within a single tissue.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Weaver M, Krasnow MA |title=Dual origin of tissue-specific progenitor cells in Drosophila tracheal remodeling |journal=Science |volume=321 |issue=5895 |pages=1496–9 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18669822 |pmc=3999966 |doi=10.1126/science.1158712}}</ref> |
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==参见== |
==参见== |
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2021年9月2日 (四) 06:17的版本
| 成虫盘 | |
|---|---|
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| 基本信息 |
成虫盘是完全变态的昆虫幼体中一部分组织，将在蛹化时变为成體的各个组成部分。[1]在幼体中，这些盘（disc）状组织将会变为昆虫翅膀、腿、觸角或成體的其它部分。最先被扬·斯瓦默丹发现并命名。[2]
During the pupal stage, many larval structures are broken down, and adult structures, including the discs, undergo rapid development. Each disc everts and elongates, with the central portion of the disc becoming the distal part of whichever appendage it is forming: the wing, leg, antenna, etc. During the larval stage, the cells in the growing disc appear undifferentiated, but their developmental fate in the adult is already determined.[3]
The experiment that demonstrates this developmental commitment is to take an imaginal disc from a third instar larva, about to undergo pupation, and subdivide it and culture it in the body of a younger larva. Discs can be continuously cultured this way for many larval generations. When such a cultured disc is eventually implanted in the body of a larva that is allowed to pupate, the disc will develop into the structure it was originally determined to become. That is, an antenna disc can be cultured this way and will, almost always, become an antenna (out of place, of course) when final development is triggered by pupation.[4]
The study of imaginal discs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster led to the discovery of homeotic mutations such as antennapedia, where the developmental fate of a disc could sometimes change. It is of interest to entomologists that the kinds of developmental switches that occur are very specific (leg to antenna, for instance). Study of this phenomenon led to the discovery of the homeobox genes, and started a revolution in the understanding of development in multi-celled animals.[5]
Imaginal cells
Imaginal cells are tissue-specific progenitors allocated in embryogenesis that remain quiescent during embryonic and larval life. During Drosophila metamorphosis, most larval cells die. Pupal and adult tissues form from imaginal cells. Clonal analysis and fate mapping of single, identified cells show that tracheal system remodeling at metamorphosis involves a classical imaginal cell population and a population of differentiated, functional larval tracheal cells that reenter the cell cycle and regain developmental potency. In late larvae, both populations are activated and proliferate, spread over and replace old branches, and diversify into various stalk and coiled tracheolar cells under control of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Thus, Drosophila pupal/adult tissue progenitors can arise both by early allocation of multipotent cells and late return of differentiated cells to a multipotent state, even within a single tissue.[6]
参见
参考文献
- ^ Beira, Jorge V.; Paro, Renato. The legacy of Drosophila imaginal discs, introduction. Chromosoma. 7 May 2016, 125 (4): 573–92. PMC 5023726
. PMID 27153833. doi:10.1007/s00412-016-0595-4.
- ^ Forty-Eighth Annual Report of the entomological society of Ontario. archive.org. Ontario Department of Agriculture. 1917 [7 August 2017].
- ^ Beira, Jorge V.; Paro, Renato. The legacy of Drosophila imaginal discs, The development of imaginal discs and their embryonic origin. Chromosoma. 7 May 2016, 125 (4): 573–92. PMC 5023726 . PMID 27153833. doi:10.1007/s00412-016-0595-4.
- ^ Sivasubramanian, P. Evagination of imaginal discs in the fleshfly Sarcophaga crassipalpis: Hormonal control in vivo. Wilhelm Roux's Archives of Developmental Biology. 14 July 1977, 183 (2): 101–106. PMID 28304898. doi:10.1007/BF00848780.
- ^ Lappence, Terry RJ; Grier, David G.; Thompson, Alexander; Halliday, Henry L. HOX GENES: Seductive Science, Mysterious Mechanisms, Introduction. Ulster Med J. 2006, 75 (1): 23–31. PMC 1891803 . PMID 16457401.
- ^ Weaver M, Krasnow MA. Dual origin of tissue-specific progenitor cells in Drosophila tracheal remodeling. Science. September 2008, 321 (5895): 1496–9. PMC 3999966 . PMID 18669822. doi:10.1126/science.1158712.
进一步阅读
- Aldaz, Silvia; Escudero, Luis M. Imaginal discs. Current Biology. 2010, 20 (10): R429–R431. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.010 .