最遙遠的天體列表

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最遙遠的天體列表列出目前為止人類發現距離地球最遙遠的天體。

紅移增加的比例與距離成正比，遙遠天體的紅移遠大於那些鄰近星系。測量非常遙遠的天體距離相當困難，也容易出錯。

著名的遙遠天體

天體名稱 紅移
(z) 		光年§
(10億光年)[1] 		類型 備註
GN-z11 z=11.09 13.39 星系 星系[2]
EGSY8p7 z=8.68 13.23 星系 星系[3]
GRB 090423 z=8.2 13.18 伽瑪射線暴 [4][5]
EGS-zs8-1 z=7.73 13.13 星系 星系[6]
z7 GSD 3811 z=7.66 13.11 星系 星系[7]
z8 GND 5296 z=7.51 13.10 星系 星系[8][9]
A1689-zD1 z=7.5 13.10 星系 星系[10]
SXDF-NB1006-2 z=7.215 13.07 星系 星系[11][12]
GN-108036 z=7.213 13.07 星系 星系[12][13]
BDF-3299 z=7.109 13.05 星系 [14]
ULAS J1120+0641 z=7.085 13.05 類星體 [15]
A1703 zD6 z=7.045 13.04 Galaxy [12]
BDF-521 z=7.008 13.04 星系 [14]
G2-1408 z=6.972 13.03 星系 [12][16]
IOK-1 z=6.964 13.03 星系 [12][17]萊曼α發射體[18]
LAE J095950.99+021219.1 z=6.944 13.03 星系 萊曼α發射體 [19]

截至2012年 (2012-Missing required parameter 1=month!)，可能有50個天體的紅移超過8，100個天體的紅移超過7[20]

天體名稱 紅移
(z) 		光年§
(10億光年)[21] 		類型 備註
UDFj-39546284 zp≅11.9? 13.37 原星系 可能是原星系[22][23][24][25]雖然最近研究顯示紅移可能較低[26][27]
MACS0647-JD zp≅10.7 13.3 星系 可能是最遙遠的星系[28][29]
A2744-JD zp≅9.8 13.2 星系 [30][31]
MACS 1149-JD zp≅9.6 13.2[32] 原星系或星系 [33]
GRB 090429B zp≅9.4 13.14[34] 伽瑪射線暴 紅移數值有相當大不確定性[35]
UDFy-33436598 zp≅8.6 13.1 原星系或星系 [36]
UDFy-38135539 zp≅8.6 13.1 原星系或星系 2010年研究顯示其紅移只有8.55[37]後來被證實數值錯誤[38]
BoRG-58 zp≅8 13 原星系或原星團 可能是原星團[39]

 本表是動態列表，或許永遠不會完結。歡迎您參考可靠來源來查漏補缺。


參考資料

  1. ^ Light travel distance was calculated from redshift value using cosmological calculator, with parameters values as of 2015: H0=67.74 and OmegaM=0.3089 (see table in Lambda-CDM model article).
  2. ^ Oesch, P. A.; Brammer, G.; Dokkum, P. G. van; Illingworth, G. D.; Bouwens, R. J.; Labbé, I.; Franx, M.; Momcheva, I.; Ashby, M. L. N. A REMARKABLY LUMINOUS GALAXY ATZ= 11.1 MEASURED WITHHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEGRISM SPECTROSCOPY. The Astrophysical Journal. 2016-03-08, 819 (2): 129. ISSN 1538-4357. doi:10.3847/0004-637x/819/2/129 （英语）. 
  3. ^ Zitrin, Adi; Labbé, Ivo; Belli, Sirio; Bouwens, Rychard; Ellis, Richard S.; Roberts-Borsani, Guido; Stark, Daniel P.; Oesch, Pascal A.; Smit, Renske. Ly α EMISSION FROM A LUMINOUS z = 8.68 GALAXY: IMPLICATIONS FOR GALAXIES AS TRACERS OF COSMIC REIONIZATION. The Astrophysical Journal. 2015-08-28, 810 (1): L12. ISSN 2041-8213. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/810/1/l12 （英语）. 
  4. ^ New Gamma-Ray Burst Smashes Cosmic Distance Record | Science Mission Directorate. science.nasa.gov. [2020-09-01]. 
  5. ^ A gamma-ray burst at a redshift of z~8.2. 
  6. ^ Oesch, P. A.; Dokkum, P. G. van; Illingworth, G. D.; Bouwens, R. J.; Momcheva, I.; Holden, B.; Roberts-Borsani, G. W.; Smit, R.; Franx, M. A SPECTROSCOPIC REDSHIFT MEASUREMENT FOR A LUMINOUS LYMAN BREAK GALAXY AT z = 7.730 USING KECK/MOSFIRE. The Astrophysical Journal. 2015-05-05, 804 (2): L30. ISSN 2041-8213. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/804/2/l30 （英语）. 
  7. ^ M. Song, S. L. Finkelstein, R. C. Livermore, P. L. Capak, M. Dickinson, A. Fontana. Keck/MOSFIRE Spectroscopy of z=7-8 Galaxies: Lyman-alpha Emission from a Galaxy at z=7.66. Bibcode:2016arXiv160202160S. arXiv:1602.02160 可免费查阅. 
  8. ^ S. L. Finkelstein, C. Papovich, M. Dickinson, M. Song, V. Tilvi, A. M. Koekemoer, K. D. Finkelstein, B. Mobasher, H. C. Ferguson, M. Giavalisco, N. Reddy, M. L. N. Ashby, A. Dekel, G. G. Fazio, A. Fontana, N. A. Grogin, J.-S. Huang, D. Kocevski, M. Rafelski, B. J. Weiner, S. P. Willner. A galaxy rapidly forming stars 700 million years after the Big Bang at redshift 7.51. Nature. 2013, 502 (7472): 524–527. Bibcode:2013Natur.502..524F. arXiv:1310.6031 可免费查阅. doi:10.1038/nature12657. 
  9. ^ Morelle, R. New galaxy 'most distant' yet discovered. BBC News. 23 October 2013. 
  10. ^ Watson, Darach; Christensen, Lise; Knudsen, Kirsten Kraiberg; Richard, Johan; Gallazzi, Anna; Michałowski, Michał Jerzy. A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization. Nature: 327–330. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..327W. arXiv:1503.00002 可免费查阅. doi:10.1038/nature14164. 
  11. ^ SXDF-NB1006-2 – Thirty Meter Telescope. （原始内容存档于2013-05-24）. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Press Release. subarutelescope.org. 
  13. ^ NASA - NASA Telescopes Help Find Rare Galaxy at Dawn of Time. www.nasa.gov. [2020-09-01] （英语）. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Vanzella; et al. Spectroscopic Confirmation of Two Lyman Break Galaxies at Redshift Beyond 7. ApJL. 2011, 730 (2): L35. Bibcode:2011ApJ...730L..35V. arXiv:1011.5500 可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/730/2/L35. 
  15. ^ Matson, John. Brilliant, but Distant: Most Far-Flung Known Quasar Offers Glimpse into Early Universe. Scientific American. [2020-09-01] （英语）. 
  16. ^ THE LACK OF INTENSE LYMAN IN ULTRADEEP SPECTRA OF Z = 7 CANDIDATES IN GOODS-S: IMPRINT OF REIONIZATION? - A. Fontana, et al.
  17. ^ Hogan, Jenny, Journey to the birth of the Universe, Nature, 2006, 443 (7108): 128–129, Bibcode:2006Natur.443..128H, PMID 16971914, doi:10.1038/443128a 
  18. ^ Ono, Yoshiaki; Ouchi, Masami; Mobasher, Bahram; Dickinson, Mark; Penner, Kyle; Shimasaku, Kazuhiro; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Nakajima, Kimihiko. Spectroscopic Confirmation of Three z-Dropout Galaxies at z = 6.844 - 7.213: Demographics of Lyman-Alpha Emission in z ~ 7 Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal. 2012-01-10, 744 (2): 83. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/83. 
  19. ^ [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.3161v1.pdf Rhoads, et al. - A Lyman-� Galaxy at Redshift z = 6:944 in the COSMOS Field]
  20. ^ Garth Illingworth; Rychard Bouwens; Pascal Oesch; Ivo Labbe; Dan Magee. Our Latest Results. FirstGalaxies. December 2012 [March 10, 2016]. 
  21. ^ Light travel distance was calculated from redshift value using cosmological calculator, with parameters values as of 2015: H0=67.74 and OmegaM=0.3089 (see table in Lambda-CDM model article).
  22. ^ December 2012, Mike Wall 12. Ancient Galaxy May Be Most Distant Ever Seen. Space.com. [2020-08-31] （英语）. 
  23. ^ NASA - NASA's Hubble Finds Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Ever Seen in Universe. www.nasa.gov. [2020-08-31] （英语）. 
  24. ^ information@eso.org. Hubble finds a new contender for galaxy distance record. www.spacetelescope.org. [2020-08-31] （英语）. 
  25. ^ NASA's Hubble Finds Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Ever Seen in Universe. HubbleSite.org. [2020-08-31] （英语）. 
  26. ^ Brammer, Gabriel B.; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Bouwens, Rychard J.; Labbé, Ivo; Franx, Marijn; Momcheva, Ivelina; Oesch, Pascal A. A Tentative Detection of an Emission Line at 1.6 mum for the z ~ 12 Candidate UDFj-39546284. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2013-03-01, 765: L2. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L2. 
  27. ^ Bouwens, R. J.; Oesch, P. A.; Illingworth, G. D.; Labbé, I.; van Dokkum, P. G.; Brammer, G.; Magee, D.; Spitler, L. R.; Franx, M. Photometric Constraints on the Redshift of z ~ 10 Candidate UDFj-39546284 from Deeper WFC3/IR+ACS+IRAC Observations over the HUDF. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2013-03-01, 765: L16. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L16. 
  28. ^ information@eso.org. Hubble spots three magnified views of most distant known galaxy. www.spacetelescope.org. [2020-09-01] （英语）. 
  29. ^ CLASH: Three Strongly Lensed Images of a Candidate z ~ 11 Galaxy | BibSonomy. www.bibsonomy.org. [2020-09-01]. 
  30. ^ Hubble Finds Distant Galaxy Through Cosmic Magnifying Glass. NASA. 
  31. ^ A GEOMETRICALLY SUPPORTED z ∼ 10 CANDIDATE MULTIPLY IMAGED BY THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER A2744. The Astrophysical Journal: L12. Bibcode:2014ApJ...793L..12Z. arXiv:1407.3769 可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L12. 
  32. ^ NASA - NASA Telescopes Spy Ultra-Distant Galaxy. www.nasa.gov. [2020-09-01] （英语）. 
  33. ^ Zheng, Wei; Postman, Marc; Zitrin, Adi; Moustakas, John; Shu, Xinwen; Jouvel, Stephanie; Høst, Ole; Molino, Alberto; Bradley, Larry. A magnified young galaxy from about 500 million years after the Big Bang. Nature. 2012-09, 489 (7416): 406–408. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature11446 （英语）. 
  34. ^ Penn State SCIENCE, "Cosmic Explosion is New Candidate for Most Distant Object in the Universe" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Derek. B. Fox , Barbara K. Kennedy , 25 May 2011
  35. ^ Explosion Helps Researcher Spot Universe's Most Distant Object. www.spacedaily.com. [2020-08-31]. 
  36. ^ ESA Science & Technology - The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (annotated). sci.esa.int. [2020-09-01]. 
  37. ^ Shiga, David. Dim galaxy is most distant object yet found. New Scientist. [2020-09-01] （美国英语）. 
  38. ^ Bunker, Andrew J.; Caruana, Joseph; Wilkins, Stephen M.; Stanway, Elizabeth R.; Lorenzoni, Silvio; Lacy, Mark; Jarvis, Matt J.; Hickey, Samantha. VLT/XSHOOTER and Subaru/MOIRCS spectroscopy of HUDF.YD3: no evidence for Lyman alpha emission at z = 8.55. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2013-04-01, 430: 3314–3319. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt132. 
  39. ^ Trenti, Michele; Bradley, L. D.; Stiavelli, M.; Shull, J. M.; Oesch, P.; Bouwens, R. J.; Muñoz, J. A.; Romano-Diaz, E.; Treu, T. Overdensities of Y-dropout Galaxies from the Brightest-of-Reionizing Galaxies Survey: A Candidate Protocluster at Redshift z ≈ 8. The Astrophysical Journal. 2012-02-01, 746: 55. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/55. 
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