1701年嗣位法令

王位繼承法
Act of Settlement^[1]
英格蘭議會
詳題	关于进一步限制王室并更好地保障臣民权利和自由的法案
引稱	12 and 13 威廉三世 c. 2
地域範圍	最初為英格兰王国和愛爾蘭王國英格蘭王國 (1701–1707); 愛爾蘭王國 (1701–1800; extended by the Parliament of England to the Kingdom of Ireland); 大不列顛王國 (1707–1800); 大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国 (1801–1922); 英国 (1922–present); 加拿大 (1867–1931; became a separate law of Canada as a consequence of Order in Council P.C. 3144 and the Succession to the Throne Act 1937（英语：Succession to the Throne Act 1937）); 澳大利亚 (1901–42; became a separate law of Australia as a consequence of the 1942年西敏法令采纳法令); 新西兰 (1907–47; became a separate law of New Zealand as a consequence of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947（英语：Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947）); 紐芬蘭自治領 (1907–49; Dominion became a province of Canada); 南非聯邦 (1910–31; became a separate law of the Union of South Africa as a consequence of the Statute of Westminster); 爱尔兰自由邦 (1922–31; became a separate law of the Irish Free State as a consequence of the Statute of Westminster);
日期
御准	1701
生效	1701
其他法例
修訂法例	多次修訂 Royal Succession Act 2013（英语：Royal Succession Act 2013） (New Zealand); Succession to the Crown Act 2013（英语：Succession to the Crown Act 2013） (United Kingdom); Succession to the Crown Act 2015 (Australia); Succession to the Throne Act 2015 (Barbados); 1981年英國國籍法令; Statute Law Revision Act 1950（英语：Statute Law Revision Act 1950）; British Nationality Act 1948（英语：British Nationality Act 1948）; Regency Act 1937（英语：Regency Act 1937）; His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936（英语：His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936）; British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914（英语：British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914）; Accession Declaration Act 1910（英语：Accession Declaration Act 1910）; Statute Law Revision and Civil Procedure Act 1881（英语：Statute Law Revision and Civil Procedure Act 1881）; Short Titles Act 1896（英语：Short Titles Act 1896）; Act 1 Geo. 1 St. 2 c. 51 (1715) [1]; Act 4 and 5 Anne c. 20, s. 27 (1705) [2]; and others;
相關法例	1689年权利法案
現狀：已修訂
原來文本
修訂後法規文本

王位繼承法（英語：Act of Settlement 1701）是英國於1701年6月12日颁布的一部有關英國國王繼承的法律，规定威廉三世去世後，英國國王由支持新教的安妮女王繼承，安妮女王去世後，王位由索菲亞继承，如果索菲亞早於安妮女王去世，那麼王位由索菲亞之子乔冶一世继承。英国王位不能传给天主教徒，英國國王必須信仰英国国教，如果英國國王皈依天主教或者與天主教徒結婚，他將無法擔任國王^[5]^[6]。這樣安排的背景是稍早前詹姆斯二世登基後，大力扶持天主教，導致光榮革命爆發，詹姆斯二世流亡法國。革命後的政權為阻止詹姆斯二世後代的天主教信徒擔任英國國王，所以制定該部法律^[7]^[8]。同時該法律還限制了國王的一部分權力，例如：

法律和法令必須经国会同意才能實施
国王的诏令必须经一个大臣副署才能實施
担任王室职务和领取王室恤金者不得担任下议院议员
法官由議會任免，並且为終身制^[9]
國會若對某人提出彈劾，國王無權赦免
非英国人均不得担任国会议员和其他官职^[10]

參考資料

^ The citation of this act by this short title（英语：short title） was authorised by the Short Titles Act 1896（英语：Short Titles Act 1896）, section 1 and first schedule. Due to the repeal of that provision it is now authorised by the Interpretation Act 1978（英语：Interpretation Act 1978）, section 19(2). The short title of this Act is unusual in that it does not contain the year in which it was passed.
^ Toffoli, Gary, Is There a Canadian Law of Succession and Is There a Canadian Process of Amendment? (PDF), Canadian Royal Heritage Trust: 3–4, 9 February 2013 [12 February 2013], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于27 November 2013）已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
^ Macgregor Dawson, Robert. The Government of Canada 5th. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1970: 63.
^ Anne Twomey（英语：Anne Twomey）. Professor Anne Twomey - Succession to the Crown: foiled by Canada? (Digital video). London: University College London. 18 September 2014 [2020-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-28）.
^ 《牛津法律大辞典》. （英）沃克编辑；北京社会与科技发展研究所译北京：光明日报出版社 1988 第13页.
^ 《新编世界近代史辞典》. 程向东主编西安：陕西人民教育出版社 1990 第24页.
^ 《牛津法律大辞典》. （英）沃克编辑；北京社会与科技发展研究所译北京：光明日报出版社 1988 第822页.
^ 《西方文化大辞典》. 成少森，叶川主编北京：中国国际广播出版社 1991 第90页.
^ 《法学辞源》. 李伟民编著哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社 2002 第226页.
^ 《新编法学词典》. 乔伟主编济南：山东人民出版社 1985 第74页.

Somerset, Anne. Queen Anne; the Politics of Passion. Harper. 2012. ISBN 978-0007203765.
Naamani Tarkow, I. The Significance of the Act of Settlement in the Evolution of English Democracy. Political Science Quarterly. 1943, 58 (4): 537–561. JSTOR 2144947. doi:10.2307/2144947.
Stevens, Robert. The English Judges. Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing. 2002: 1–13. ISBN 1-84113-495-3.
Twomey, Anne. Changing the Rules of Succession to the Throne. Sydney Law School Legal Studies Research Paper (University of Sydney, Faculty of Law). 2011, 11 (71). SSRN 1943287 .

外部鏈接

Act of Settlement (1700)的當今生效版本（包括所有修訂）（官方文本由英國成文法資料庫（英语：Legislation.gov.uk）提供）
Text of the Act of Settlement as originally passed, The Statutes at Large: vol X: 1696/7–1703 (1764), pp. 357–60.
Official text of the "Act of Settlement 1700" as currently in force in the Australian Capital Territory （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
British Monarchy web page on the Act of Settlement （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
British Parliament Debates Change To The Act of Settlement of 1701. TheRoyalist.net. 21 February 2007. （原始内容存档于26 September 2007）.
Image of original act from the Parliamentary Archives website

[1] The citation of this act by this short title（英语：short title） was authorised by the Short Titles Act 1896（英语：Short Titles Act 1896）, section 1 and first schedule. Due to the repeal of that provision it is now authorised by the Interpretation Act 1978（英语：Interpretation Act 1978）, section 19(2). The short title of this Act is unusual in that it does not contain the year in which it was passed.

[2] Toffoli, Gary, Is There a Canadian Law of Succession and Is There a Canadian Process of Amendment? (PDF), Canadian Royal Heritage Trust: 3–4, 9 February 2013 [12 February 2013], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于27 November 2013）已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)

[3] Macgregor Dawson, Robert. The Government of Canada 5th. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1970: 63.

[4] Anne Twomey（英语：Anne Twomey）. Professor Anne Twomey - Succession to the Crown: foiled by Canada? (Digital video). London: University College London. 18 September 2014 [2020-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-28）.

[5] 《牛津法律大辞典》. （英）沃克编辑；北京社会与科技发展研究所译北京：光明日报出版社 1988 第13页.

[6] 《新编世界近代史辞典》. 程向东主编西安：陕西人民教育出版社 1990 第24页.

[7] 《牛津法律大辞典》. （英）沃克编辑；北京社会与科技发展研究所译北京：光明日报出版社 1988 第822页.

[8] 《西方文化大辞典》. 成少森，叶川主编北京：中国国际广播出版社 1991 第90页.

[9] 《法学辞源》. 李伟民编著哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社 2002 第226页.

[10] 《新编法学词典》. 乔伟主编济南：山东人民出版社 1985 第74页.

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