先行詞

先行詞（上行語，英語：antecedent）是指能賦予其他代詞具體意義的字詞、短語、從句<子句>。^[1] 代詞可從其先行詞得出它的具體意義，例如英語句子："Susan arrived late because traffic held her up."(蘇珊來遲了，因為交通狀況延遲了她的行程)。代詞"her"（她）表明為"Susan"（蘇珊）且其含義也來自"蘇珊"，所以蘇珊是"her"（她）的"先行詞"。代詞通常跟隨在他們的先行詞的後面，但有時它們在先行詞前面。

注释

^ Definitions of "antecedent" along these lines can be found, for instance, in Crystal (1999:20) and Radford (2004:322)

參考文獻

Carnie, A. 2013. Syntax: A generative introduction. 3rd edition. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Crystal, D. 1997. A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. 4th edition. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Radford, A. 2004. English syntax: An introduction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Tesnière, L. 1969. Éléments de syntaxe structurale, 2nd edition. Klincksieck, Paris.

參見

代詞語式(Proform)
關係子句
句法範疇(Syntactic category)
下指語(Cataphora/cataphor)
後行詞（英语：Antecedent_(grammar)#Postcedents）(postcedent)

[1] Definitions of "antecedent" along these lines can be found, for instance, in Crystal (1999:20) and Radford (2004:322)

[1]