User:Hank2530/对流层系列火箭
对流层号(法語:Troposphère、英語:Troposphere)是剛果(金)的一家名为“全方位发展”(法語:Développement Tous Azimuts, DTA)的私营企业自2007年起研发的一型火箭系列。此项目由DTA公司的负责人让·巴提斯·凯卡·奥亨巴·奥克塞(法語:Jean-Patrice Keka Ohemba Okese)管理负责,后者曾毕业于刚果(金)的一所名为“高等应用技术研究所”(法語:Institut Supérieur des Techniques Appliquées, ISTA)的公立大学。作为刚果(金)的首个火箭开发项目和撒哈拉以南非洲仅有的几个火箭计划之一,该项目的初期目标主要是研制并发射高度在36千米以下的试验性火箭[1]。对流层号火箭的发射场位于刚果(金)首都金沙萨以东约120公里处的门考地区[2](法語:Menkao),由DTA公司所有[3]。
该项目计划最初仅由DTA公司资助,但政府在对流层2号以及4号火箭发射成功之后亦提供了经济支持。
火箭列表
[编辑]对流层1号
[编辑]对流层1号原计划是该系列的首次发射。该火箭是一枚探空火箭,其直径约为5厘米(2.0英寸),质量为15.465公斤(34.09英磅)。曾定于2007年4月进行,后来由于技术问题被取消。
对流层2号
[编辑]The first successful rocket, Troposphere 2 (30.94 kg and 0.19 m in diameter), launched in 2007 and reached an altitude of 1500 m (1.5 km).
对流层3号
[编辑]对流层3号火箭于2007年10月12日从2号发射台点火升空[4],但发射失败。
对流层4号
[编辑]制造者 | “全方位发展”公司(DTA) |
---|---|
制造国家 | 刚果民主共和国 |
每年成本 | 2009 |
外型及质量参数 | |
直径 | 16厘米(6.3英寸) |
质量 | 200公斤(440英磅) |
发射历史 | |
发射场 | 1 |
总发射次数 | 1 |
成功次数 | 1 |
失败次数 | 0 |
部分失败 次数 | 0 |
首次发射 | 2008年7月10日 |
Troposphere 4 is the second successfully launched experimental rocket of the Troposphere program, managed by Jean-Patrice Keka.
The rocket with a thrust of 1 ton was launched on July 10, 2008, 5:40 pm[1] from Menkao, 120公里(75英里) east of Kinshasa. The rocket reached an altitude of 15公里(49,000英尺) after 47 seconds, with a speed of Mach 2.7.[5]
The launch of the Troposphere 4 rocket took place in the presence of the Congolese Minister of Higher Education, University and Scientific Research, Leonard Masuga Rugamika.[6] After the success of this launch, the Congolese government decided to get involved with the Troposphere project.[1]
对流层5号
[编辑]制造者 | “全方位发展”公司(DTA) |
---|---|
制造国家 | 刚果民主共和国 |
每年成本 | 2009 |
外型及质量参数 | |
高度 | 5米(16英尺) |
质量 | 750公斤(1,650英磅) |
级数 | 2 |
发射历史 | |
发射场 | 1 |
总发射次数 | 1 |
成功次数 | 0 |
失败次数 | 1 |
部分失败 次数 | 0 |
首次发射 | 2009年3月29日 |
Troposphere 5 is a two stage solid-propellant rocket with a thrust of 70 kN (7 tons), launched on March 29, 2009. It is the third rocket in the program. It was an initiative of the private enterprise Developpement Tous Azimuts (DTA) with headquarters in Lubumbashi (Katanga Province), created in 2007.
Troposphere 5 carrying a rat named Kavira on board, was designed to reach an altitude of 36 km and a speed of Mach 3.[1] The rocket was launched at Menkao launch site.[7] Launch ended in failure - the rocket took off but had deviated from its course and was lost in the distance.[3] The cost of this rocket has been estimated at about $50,000. Despite Troposphere 5 being equipped with an escape chute, Kavira was never found and was officially reported to have died in the name of science. According to Keka the experiment provided valuable data for future tests by the DTA.[8]
对流层6号
[编辑]DTA is currently working on the next rocket, Troposphere 6.[9] Troposphere 6 is a three-stage solid-propellant rocket and Keka claimed that the rocket could reached up to altitude of 200 km. Troposphere 6 was scheduled to be launched in the end of 2016.[10] A crowd funding has been set up to support Congolese space rocket set to launch sometime between fall of 2019 to spring of 2020.[11] Its aim is to send a satellite Njiwas into space to take a picture of Earth at an altitude of 200 km.
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Crutchfield, Ryan. A Brief History of The Congolese Space Program. 2010-12-20 [2011-02-23].
- ^ 刚果民主共和国宣布启动大规模太阳能项目_国家电力公司. www.sohu.com. [2022-09-18] (中文).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Lindsey, Clark S. Rocket project in Congo. 2009-08-18 [2015-11-05]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-24).
- ^ RDC : les Galaxionautes | ARTE Reportage, [2022-09-18] (法语)
- ^ Congo, aventure spatiale : De Troposphère 2 à Troposphère 5. 2009-05-05 [2011-02-24]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-14) (French).
- ^ Congo: Destination Moon. 2010-04-01 [2011-02-24]. (原始内容存档于2010-04-04) (French).
- ^ Lancement réussi de la fusée " Troposphère V " de la société congolaise DTA. mediacongo.net. 2009-03-31 [2015-11-05]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-06) (French).
- ^ http://dta-congo.blogspot.be/ Template:User-generated source
- ^ Phiri, Caleb. Congo Sends a Rocket into Space. 2009-04-12 [2015-11-05]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-20).
- ^ Rédaction, La. Recherche aérospatiale La Rdc lance la fusée « Troposphère 6 » en fin 2016 | Groupe de Presse l'Avenir. groupelavenir.org. [2016-06-30].
- ^ Keka, Jean-Patrice. Congolese Space Rocket Crowd Source. wemakeit.com. [25 April 2019].
[[Category:火箭系列]] [[Category:探空火箭]] [[Category:刚果民主共和国公司]]