File:Gary Cooper 1926.jpg

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摘要

描述
English: Gary Cooper publicity photo for the American western film The Winning of Barbara Worth (1926).
日期
來源 Flickr
作者 Paramount Pictures
授權許可
(重用此檔案)

This is a publicity photo taken to promote two film actors. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements ... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." ("Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" by Kristin Thompson, Society for Cinema and Media Studies)

授權條款

Public domain
這個作品在美利堅合眾國屬於公有領域,因為它首次發布早於1929年1月1日,或於該日期之前在美國著作權局登記。

公有領域作品必須在美國以及來源國沒有版權問題,才能上傳至維基共享資源。如果此作品不是美國作品,這個文件必須要有一個額外的版權標記顯示此文件在來源國的版權狀態。
注意:此標籤不應用於錄音作品。PD-1923美國公有領域//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gary_Cooper_1926.jpg

說明

添加單行說明來描述出檔案所代表的內容
Still from the film "The Winning of Barbara Worth" (1926)

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加利谷巴 Chinese (Hong Kong) (已轉換拼寫)

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