大理石紋螯蝦：修订间差异

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2018年3月6日 (二) 14:35的版本

大理石紋螯蝦
Adult marmorkrebs
Adult marmorkrebs
科學分類
界： 動物界 Animalia
門： 節肢動物門 Arthropoda
亞門： 甲殼亞門 Crustacea
綱： 軟甲綱 Malacostraca
目： 十足目 Decapoda
科： 蝲蛄科 Cambaridae
屬： 原蝲蛄屬 Procambarus
種： P. fallax
變型： P. f. f. virginalis
三名法
Procambarus fallax f. virginalis
Martin et al., 2010 [1]
大理石紋螯蝦在野外被發現的歐洲國家。 它也發生在馬達加斯加和日本。[2][3]
大理石紋螯蝦在野外被發現的歐洲國家。 它也發生在馬達加斯加和日本。[2][3]
異名

Procambarus virginalis[4]

大理石紋螯蝦,1995年首次在德國發現，這種螯蝦誕生距今雖然還不到30年，已成為歐洲與馬達加斯加等地的淡水水域，到處都能見到的入侵種。[5][4][1][6][7]

模式生物

大理石紋螯蝦是唯一已知的十足目甲殼綱動物只能由孤雌生殖繁殖。[5]所有的個體都是女性，後代在遺傳上與父母相同。[4][8]大理石紋螯蝦DNA三倍體動物，[4][9]這可能是其孤雌生殖繁殖的主要原因。大理石紋螯蝦因此成為多倍體形態的模型。[4]

因為大理石化的小龍蝦在遺傳上是相同的，易於照顧，並且繁殖速度很快，所以它們是潛在的模式生物，特別是用於研究[[[發育生物學]]]。[10]然而，一個主要的缺點是與其他研究生物相比較長的時間（幾個月）。[11]

2018年，基因組測序為後續研究提供了重要基礎。[12]

入侵物種

大理石紋螯蝦引起了人們的關注，成為一種潛在的入侵物種[5]因為只需要一個人就可以建立一個新的人口，而且他們可以以很高的比例複製。此後，它們被引入三大洲的自然生態系統。 它們在以下國家被發現在野外：

可能通過釋放或逃離水族館。大理石紋螯蝦是國際寵物貿易中分佈最廣泛的小龍蝦種類之一。[23]

雖然歐洲野生馬克克雷布斯的初步報告只包括單個人，[14]報導大理石紋螯蝦種群的歐洲國家數量正在增加。[24] 歐盟制定了“全面禁止這些物種（包括野生大理石紋螯蝦）的擁有，貿易，運輸，生產和釋放”。[25][26][27][28]

馬達加斯加人口增長迅速，[19]引起地方當局的關注。[29]

儘管北美在野外沒有發現大理石紋螯蝦種群，但它們在北美寵物貿易中廣泛分佈在愛好者中。[30][31] 由於擔心引入可能造成的損害，密蘇里州和田納西州全面禁止這些物種（包括野生大理石紋螯蝦）的擁有，貿易，運輸，生產和釋放”。[32][33]

參考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Peer Martin; Nathan J. Dorn; Tadashi Kawai; Craig van der Heiden; Gerhard Scholtz. The enigmatic Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish) is the parthenogenetic form of Procambarus fallax (Hagen, 1870) (PDF). Contributions to Zoology. 2010, 79 (3): 107–118. 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Pârvulescu, Lucian; Togor, Andrei; Lele, Sandra-Florina; Scheu, Sebastian; Șinca, Daniel; Panteleit, Jörn. First established population of marbled crayfish Procambarus fallax (Hagen, 1870) f. virginalis (Decapoda, Cambaridae) in Romania (PDF). BioInvasions Records. 2017, 6 (4): 357–362 [2018-02-09]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 D. M. Holdich & M. Pöckl. Invasive crustaceans in European inland waters. Francesca Gherardi (编). Biological Invaders in Inland Waters: Profiles, Distribution, and Threats. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 2007: 29–75. ISBN 978-1-4020-6029-8. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6029-8_2. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Vogt, Günter; Falckenhayn, Cassandra; Schrimpf, Anne; Schmid, Katharina; Hanna, Katharina; Panteleit, Jörn; Helm, Mark; Schulz, Ralf; Lyko, Frank. The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals. Biology Open. 2015, 4 (11): 1583–1594. PMC 4728364 可免费查阅. PMID 26519519. doi:10.1242/bio.014241. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gerhard Scholtz; Anke Braband; Laura Tolley; André Reimann; Beate Mittmann; Chris Lukhaup; Frank Steuerwald; Günter Vogt. Parthenogenesis in an outsider crayfish. Nature. 2003, 421 (6925): 806. PMID 12594502. doi:10.1038/421806a. 
  6. ^ Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. The crayfishes of Florida. University of Florida Publication: Biological Series. 1942, 3 (2): 1–179. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Günter Vogt, Laura Tolley & Gerhard Scholtz. Life stages and reproductive components of the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish), the first parthenogenetic decapod crustacean. Journal of Morphology. 2004, 261 (3): 286–311. doi:10.1002/jmor.10250. 
  8. ^ Peer Martin, Klaus Kohlmann & Gerhard Scholtz. The parthenogenetic Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish) produces genetically uniform offspring. Naturwissenschaften. 2007, 94 (10): 843–846. PMID 17541537. doi:10.1007/s00114-007-0260-0. 
  9. ^ Martin P, Thonagel S, Scholtz G. The parthenogenetic Marmorkrebs (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Cambaridae) are triploid organisms. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 2015, 54: 13–21. doi:10.1111/jzs.12114. 
  10. ^ Frederike Alwes & Gerhard Scholtz. Stages and other aspects of the embryology of the parthenogenetic Marmorkrebs (Decapoda, Reptantia, Astacida). Development Genes and Evolution. 2006, 216 (4): 169–184. doi:10.1007/s00427-005-0041-8. 
  11. ^ Günter Vogt. Suitability of the clonal marbled crayfish for biogerontological research: A review and perspective, with remarks on some further crustaceans. Biogerontology. 2010, 11 (6): 643–669. PMID 20582627. doi:10.1007/s10522-010-9291-6. 
  12. ^ Gutekunst, Julian; Andriantsoa, Ranja; Falckenhayn, Cassandra; Hanna, Katharina; Stein, Wolfgang; Rasamy, Jeanne; Lyko, Frank. Clonal genome evolution and rapid invasive spread of the marbled crayfish. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2018-02-05. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 29403072. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0467-9. 
  13. ^ Jiří Patoka; Miloš Buřič; Vojtěch Kolář; Martin Bláha; Miloslav Petrtýl; Pavel Franta; Robert Tropek; Lukáš Kalous; Adam Petrusek; Antonín Kouba. Predictions of marbled crayfish establishment in conurbations fulfilled: Evidences from the Czech Republic. Biologia. 2016, 71 (12): 1380–1385. doi:10.1515/biolog-2016-0164. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Peer Martin; Hong Shen; Gert Füllner; Gerhard Scholtz. The first record of the parthenogenetic Marmorkrebs (Decapoda, Astacida, Cambaridae) in the wild in Saxony (Germany) raises the question of its actual threat to European freshwater ecosystems. Aquatic Invasions. 2010, 5 (4): 397–403. doi:10.3391/ai.2010.5.4.09. 
  15. ^ Christoph Chucholl & Michael Pfeiffer. First evidence for an established Marmorkrebs (Decapoda, Astacida, Cambaridae) population in Southwestern Germany, in syntopic occurrence with Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817). Aquatic Invasions. 2010, 5 (4): 405–412. doi:10.3391/ai.2010.5.4.10. 
  16. ^ Lőkkös A, Müller T, Kovács K, Várkonyi L, Specziár A, Martin P. The alien, parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) is entering Kis-Balaton (Hungary), one of Europe's most important wetland biotopes. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2016, 417 (417): 16. doi:10.1051/kmae/2016003. 
  17. ^ Francesco Nonnis Marzano, Massimiliano Scalici, Stefania Chiesa, Francesca Gherardi, Armando Piccinini & Giancarlo Gibertini. The first record of the marbled crayfish adds further threats to fresh waters in Italy. Aquatic Invasions. 2009, 4 (2): 401–404. doi:10.3391/ai.2009.4.2.19. 
  18. ^ Tadashi Kawai; M. Takahata (编). The Biology of Freshwater Crayfish. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-4-8329-8194-2. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 Julia P. G. Jones; Jeanne R. Rasamy; Andrew Harvey; Alicia Toon; Birgit Oidtmann; Michele H. Randrianarison; Noromalala Raminosoa; Olga R. Ravoahangimalala. The perfect invader: a parthenogenic crayfish poses a new threat to Madagascar's freshwater biodiversity. Biological Invasions. 2008, 11 (6): 1475–1482. doi:10.1007/s10530-008-9334-y. 
  20. ^ Boris Lipták; Agata Mrugała; Ladislav Pekárik; Anton Mutkovič; Daniel Gruľa; Adam Petrusek & Antonín Kouba. Expansion of the marbled crayfish in Slovakia: beginning of an invasion in the Danube catchment?. Journal of Limnology. 2016. doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2016.1313. 
  21. ^ P. Bohman; L. Edsman; P. Martin; G. Scholtz. The first Marmorkrebs (Decapoda: Astacida: Cambaridae) in Scandinavia (PDF). BioInvasions Records. 2013, 2 (3): 227–232. doi:10.3391/bir.2013.2.3.09. 
  22. ^ RA Novitsky; MO Son. The first records of Marmorkrebs [Procambarus fallax (Hagen, 1870) f. virginalis] (Crustacea, Decapoda, Cambaridae) in Ukraine. Ecologica Montenegrina. 2016, 5: 44–46. 
  23. ^ Zen Faulkes. The global trade in crayfish as pets. Crustacean Research. 2015, 44: 75–92. doi:10.18353/crustacea.44.0_75. 
  24. ^ C. Chucholl; K. Morawetz; H. Groß H. The clones are coming – strong increase in Marmorkrebs [Procambarus fallax (Hagen, 1870) f. virginalis] records from Europe. Aquatic Invasions. 2012, 7 (4): 511–519. doi:10.3391/ai.2012.7.4.008. 
  25. ^ REGULATION (EU) No 1143/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 22 October 2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. EUR-Lex. [2018-02-09]. 
  26. ^ COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2016/1141 of 13 July 2016 adopting a list of invasive alien species of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council. EUR-Lex. [2018-02-09]. 
  27. ^ COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2017/1263 of 12 July 2017 updating the list of invasive alien species of Union concern established by Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141 pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council. EUR-Lex. [2018-02-09]. 
  28. ^ Zen Faulkes. Has the European Union regulated Marmorkrebs?. Marmorkrebs blog. February 17, 2016 [May 4, 2016]. 
  29. ^ Klaus Heimer. Invasion of self-cloning crayfish alarms Madagascar. Deutsche Presse-Agentur wire story. 18 August 2010. 
  30. ^ Zen Faulkes. The spread of the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish, Marmorkrebs (Procambarus sp.), in the North American pet trade. Aquatic Invasions. 2010, 5 (4): 447–450. doi:10.3391/ai.2010.5.4.16. 
  31. ^ Zen Faulkes. Marmorkrebs (Procambarus fallax f. virginalis) are the most popular crayfish in the North American pet trade. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2015, 416 (416): 20. doi:10.1051/kmae/2015016. 
  32. ^ Anonymous. Conservation Action Meeting of the March 2010 Conservation Commission. Missouri Department of Conservation. 17 May 2010 [November 28, 2010]. （原始内容存档于23 September 2010）. 
  33. ^ Zen Faulkes. Sell your Marmorkrebs, Tennesseans. Marmorkrebs blog. January 25, 2016 [January 25, 2016]. 
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外部鏈接

取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=大理石紋螯蝦&oldid=48567471”