EBird：修订间差异
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2018年7月7日 (六) 18:02的版本
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网站类型 | Wildlife database |
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| 语言 | 英语, 西班牙语, 法语, 德语, 葡萄牙語, 汉语, 土耳其语, 俄语, 書面挪威語 |
| 创始人 | Cornell Lab of Ornithology |
| 网址 | eBird |
eBird is an online 数据库 of 鸟 observations providing 科学家, researchers and amateur naturalists with real-time data about Bird atlas. Originally restricted to sightings from the 西半球, it was widened to include 新西兰 in 2008,[1] and was widened to cover the whole world in June 2010.[2] eBird has been described as an ambitious example of enlisting 業餘愛好者 to gather data on 生物多樣性 for use in science.[3]
eBird is an example of 众包,[4] and has been hailed as an example of democratizing science, treating 公众科学, allowing the public to access and use their own data and the collective data generated by others.[5]
History and purpose
Launched in 2002 by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology at 康奈尔大学 and the 奥杜邦学会, eBird gathers basic data on bird abundance and distribution at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. It was mainly inspired by the ÉPOQ database, created by Jacques Larivée in 1975. As of November 2016, over 330,000 unique users have submitted over 26 million checklists, more than 366 million observations, and data for over 10,300 species to the program.[6][7]
eBird’s goal is to maximize the utility and accessibility of the vast numbers of bird observations made each year by recreational and professional 观鸟. The observations of each participant join those of others in an international network. The data are then available via internet queries in a variety of formats.
Features
eBird documents the presence or absence of species, as well as bird abundance through checklist data. A web interface allows participants to submit their observations or view results via interactive queries of the database. Internet tools maintain personal bird records and enable users to visualize data with interactive maps, graphs, and bar charts. All these features are available in English, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Russian, and Norwegian Bokmål.
It is a free service. Data are stored in a secure facility and archived daily, and is accessible to anyone via the eBird web site and other applications developed by the global biodiversity information community. For example, eBird data are part of the Avian Knowledge Network (AKN)[1], which integrates observational data on bird populations across the western hemisphere and is a data source for the digital ornithological reference Birds of North America. In turn, the AKN feeds eBird data to international biodiversity data systems, such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
Electronic kiosks
In addition to accepting records submitted from users' personal computers and mobile devices, eBird has placed Interactive kiosk in prime birding locations, including one in the education center at the J. N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge on 萨尼贝尔 (佛罗里达州) in 佛罗里达州.[8]
Notes
- ^ eBird New Zealand. About eBird. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2008 [5 June 2010]. （原始内容存档于22 September 2010）.
- ^ eBird. Global eBird almost there! -- 3 June update. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2010 [5 June 2010]. （原始内容存档于3 June 2010）.
- ^ "The Role of Information Science in Gathering Biodiversity and Neuroscience Data" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-03-03., Geoffrey A. Levin and Melissa H. Cragin, American Society for Information Science and Technology Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 1, Oct. 2003
- ^ nytcrowdsource Robbins, Jim. Crowdsourcing, for the Birds. New York Times. 19 Aug 2013 [11 Dec 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-18）.
- ^ "Science Explicitly for Nonscientists" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-01-08., Caren B. Cooper, Janis L. Dickinson, Tina Phillips, Rick Bonney, Ecology and Society, Vol. 13, No. 2, r1, 2008
- ^ How many people eBird around the world and per country. ebird.org. [28 April 2018]. （原始内容存档于1 December 2016）.
- ^ eBird, Team. eBird Top100 goes global! - eBird. ebird.org. [28 April 2018]. （原始内容存档于1 December 2016）.
- ^ "eBirding, citizen science topic of ‘Ding’ presentation" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-07-08., Cape Coral Daily Breeze Community News, Mar. 9, 2009
References
- Yudhijit Bhattacharjee, Citizen Scientists Supplement Work of Cornell Researchers, 科学 (期刊), June 3, 2005, 308: 1402–1403, PMID 15933178, doi:10.1126/science.308.5727.1402
- Chris Wood; Brian Sullivan; Marshall Iliff; Daniel Fink; Steve Kelling, eBird: Engaging Birders in Science and Conservation, PLoS Biology, 2011, 9 (12): e1001220, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001220
- Dickinson, Janis L.; Zuckerberg, Benjamin; Bonter, David N., Citizen Science as an Ecological Research Tool: Challenges and Benefits, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2010, 41: 149–172, doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144636
- Wiggins, Andrea, eBirding: technology adoption and the transformation of leisure into science, Proceedings of the 2011 iConference, 2011: 798–799, doi:10.1145/1940761.1940910
Research using eBird data
Below is an incomplete list of research that used the eBird data.
Fink, Daniel; et al. Spatiotemporal exploratory models for broad-scale survey data. Ecological Applications. 2010, 20 (8): 2131–2147. doi:10.1890/09-1340.1.
Hurlbert, Allen H.; Liang, Zhongei, Spatiotemporal Variation in Avian Migration Phenology: Citizen Science Reveals Effects of Climate Change, PLoS ONE, February 2012, 7 (2): e31662, PMC 3285173 
, PMID 22384050, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031662