灰鲸科:修订间差异
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{{Automatic taxobox|image=Graywhale MMC.jpg|fossil_range={{Fossil range|中新世|现代}}|taxon=Eschrichtiidae|authority={{Harvnb|Ellerman|Morrison-Scott|1951}}|subdivision={{taxon list |
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#REDIRECT [[灰鯨]] |
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|*{{绝灭}}[[始灰鲸属]] ''Archaeschrichtius''|{{Harvnb|Bisconti|Varola|2006}} |
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|*{{绝灭}}[[拟灰鲸属]] ''Eschrichtioides''|{{Harvnb|Bisconti|2008}} |
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|*[[灰鲸属]] ''Eschrichtius''|{{Harvnb|Gray|1864}} |
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|*{{绝灭}}[[格雷斯鲸属]] ''Gricetoides''|{{Harvnb|Whitmore|Kaltenbach|2008}} |
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}}|synonyms={{taxon list |
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|*Rhachianectidae|{{Harvnb|Weber|1904}} |
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}}}} |
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'''灰鲸科'''([[学名]]:{{Lang|la|Eschrichtiidae}})是[[鬚鯨小目|须鲸小目]]({{Lang|la|Mysticeti}})的一[[科 (生物)|科]],仅包含一个现存物种[[灰鯨|灰鲸]]({{Lang|la|''Eschrichtius robustus''}}),此外,本科还包括三化石属,即分别生存于意大利[[中新世]]和[[上新世]]的[[始灰鲸属]] (''Archaeschrichtius'')及[[拟灰鲸属]](''Eschrichtioides'')<ref>{{Harvnb|Bisconti|2008}}</ref>,还有生存于上新世[[北卡罗来纳州|北卡罗来纳]]的[[格雷斯鲸属]](''Gricetoides'')。<ref>{{Harvnb|Pyenson|Lindberg|2011}}</ref> 本科及其模式属的学名是为了纪念丹麦动物学家{{Link-en|丹尼尔·腓特烈·埃施里赫特|Daniel Frederik Eschricht|丹尼尔·埃施里赫特}}。<ref>{{Harvnb|Jones|Swartz|2008}}</ref> |
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== 分类史 == |
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18世纪,一些学者<ref>E.g. {{Harvnb|Erxleben|1777|pp=610–611}}; {{Harvnb|Anderson|1746}}; {{Harvnb|Brisson|1762}}</ref> 将灰鲸描述为[[露脊鲸属]]的一种,学名为{{Lang|la|''Balaena gibbosa''}},本种被描述为"背脊上拥有六个突起的鲸",这显然是基于1725年达德利<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Risperidone|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40278-018-53599-x|date=2018-10|journal=Reactions Weekly|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s40278-018-53599-x|volume=1725|pages=258–258|issn=0114-9954}}</ref>的笔记:<ref name="Barnes-McLeod">{{Harvnb|Barnes|McLeod|1984|pp=4–5}}</ref>{{Quote|这种“瘦鲸”是[[脊鳍鲸]]的近亲,但背上无鳍,其崎岖的背脊共有六个突起,是一种能提供近乎丰富油脂的鲸种,其骨白色,但不分裂。<ref>{{Harvnb|Dudley|1725|p=258}}</ref>}}{{Harvnb|Lilljeborg|1861}}基于发现于[[波罗的海|的波罗的海]]的半化石样本,第一次将灰鲸描述为一个独立物种,这个样本显然是来自于一个已灭绝的北大西洋种群。 然而,Lilljeborg将它归类于[[须鲸属]],学名为''Balaenoptera robusta''<ref>{{Harvnb|Lilljeborg|1861}}</ref>。直到1864年格雷<ref />发现其肋骨和肩胛骨样本并不同的任何已知的须鲸,因此建立了一个新的属, 即灰鲸属''。''<ref>{{Harvnb|Gray|1864}}</ref> |
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== 参考文献 == |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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=== 来源 === |
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{{Refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=J.|title=Nachrichten von Island, Grönland und der Strasse Davis|year=1746|publisher=Verlegts Georg Christian Grund, Buckdr.|location=Hamburg|url=https://archive.org/stream/herrnjohannander00ande#page/200/mode/2up|language=German|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Anderson|1746}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last1=Barnes|first1=L. G.|last2=McLeod|first2=S. A.|chapter=The Fossil Record and Phyletic Relationships of Gray Whales|pages=3–28|editor1-last=Jones|editor1-first=M. L.|editor2-last=Swartz|editor2-first=S. L.|editor3-last=Leatherwood|editor3-first=S.|title=The Gray Whale: ''Eschrichtius Robustus''|year=1984|publisher=Academic Press|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfGITi5NmJoC&pg=PA4|isbn=9780080923727|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Barnes|McLeod|1984}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a new eschrichtiid genus (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Early Pliocene of northern Italy|first1=M.|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00374.x|year=2008|volume=153|pages=161–186|oclc=438026086|ref=harv|layurl=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=displayReference&reference_no=27099|laydate=November 2013|last1=Bisconti}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Bisconti|2008}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=The oldest eschrichtiid mysticete: and a new morphological diagnosis of Eschrichtiidae (gray whales)|url=http://www.rivistaitalianadipaleontologia.it/doc/Bisconti_%26_Varola_2006.pdf|first1=M.|last2=Varola|first2=A.|journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia|issue=3|year=2006|volume=112|pages=447–457|ref=harv|layurl=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=displayReference&reference_no=26193|laydate=November 2013|last1=Bisconti}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Bisconti|Varola|2006}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last=Brisson|first=M. J.|authorlink=Mathurin Jacques Brisson|title=Regnum animale in classes IX. distributum, sive, Synopsis methodica|year=1762|publisher=Apud Theodorum Haak|location=Lieden|url=http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/fs1/object/display/bsb10231188_00389.html|language=Latin, French|oclc=13184910|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Brisson|1762}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=Dating Remains of Gray Whales from the Eastern North Atlantic|last=Bryant|first=P. J.|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|issue=3|doi=10.2307/1382754|year=1995|volume=76|pages=857–861|jstor=1382754|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Bryant|1995}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=The taxonomic and evolutionary history of fossil and modern balaenopteroid mysticetes|url=https://www.sdnhm.org/archive/research/paleontology/demere_2005.pdf|first1=T.A|last2=Berta|first2=A.|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|issue=1/2|doi=10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3|year=2005|volume=12|pages=99–143|ref=harv|last3=McGowen|first3=M. R.|last1=Deméré}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Deméré|Berta|McGowen|2005}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=An Essay upon the Natural History of Whales, with a particular Account of the Ambergris found in the Sperma Ceti Whale. In a Letter to the Publisher, from the Honourable Paul Dudley, Esq; F. R. S|url=https://archive.org/stream/philtrans04271050/04271050#page/n1/mode/2up|last=Dudley|first=P.|authorlink=Paul Dudley (jurist)|journal=Philosophical Transactions|issue=387|doi=10.1098/rstl.1724.0053|year=1725|volume=33|pages=256–269|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Dudley|1725}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last1=Ellerman|first1=J. R.|author1-link=Sir John Ellerman, 2nd Baronet|last2=Morrison-Scott|first2=T. C. S.|author2-link=Terence Morrison-Scott|title=Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946|year=1951|publisher=British Museum (Natural History)|pages=1–810|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8722454#page/726/mode/2up|layurl=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=displayReference&reference_no=17152|laydate=November 2013|oclc=469669291|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Ellerman|Morrison-Scott|1951}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last=Erxleben|first=J. C. P.|authorlink=Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben|title=Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis 1: Mammalia|year=1777|publisher=Weygandianis|location=Leipzig|url=https://archive.org/stream/iochristpolycerx00erxl#page/610/mode/2up|layurl=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?action=taxonInfo&taxon_no=36714|laydate=November 2013|language=Latin|oclc=22224991|ol=23666710M|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Erxleben|1777}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=Notes on the Whalebone-Whales; with a Synopsis of the Species|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22249795#page/364/mode/2up|last=Gray|first=J. E.|authorlink=John Edward Gray|journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History|issue=83|doi=10.1080/00222936408681724|year=1864|series=3|volume=14|pages=345–353|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Gray|1864}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last1=Jones|first1=M. L.|last2=Swartz|first2=S. L.|chapter=Gray whale|pages=503–511|title=Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals|editor1-last=Perrin|editor1-first=William F.|editor2-last=Würsig|editor2-first=Bernd|editor3-last=Thewissen|editor3-first=J. G. M.|year=2008|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-373553-9|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Jones|Swartz|2008}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last=Lilljeborg|first=W.|authorlink=Wilhelm Lilljeborg|title=Öfversigt af de inom Skandinavien (Sverige och Norrige) anträffade Hvalartade Däggdjur (Cetacea)|year=1861|language=Swedish|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53571#page/82/mode/2up|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.15843|oclc=670223335|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Lilljeborg|1861}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last=Portis|first=A.|title=Catalogo descrittivo dei Talassoterii rinvenuti nei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria|year=1885|location=Turin|publisher=Ermanno Loescher|url=https://archive.org/stream/catalogodescritt00port#page/16/mode/2up|layurl=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=displayReference&reference_no=13952|laydate=November 2013|language=Italian|oclc=9527515|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Portis|1885}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=What Happened to Gray Whales during the Pleistocene? The Ecological Impact of Sea-Level Change on Benthic Feeding Areas in the North Pacific Ocean|first1=N. D.|last2=Lindberg|first2=D. R.|journal=PLoS ONE|issue=7|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0021295|year=2011|volume=6|pages=e21295|pmc=3130736|pmid=21754984|ref=harv|last1=Pyenson}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Pyenson|Lindberg|2011}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=On the cetaceans of the western coast of North America|last=Scammon|first=C. M.|authorlink=Charles Melville Scammon|journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia|year=1869|volume=21|pages=13–63|jstor=4060095|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Scammon|1869}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last=Scammon|first=C. M.|title=The marine mammals of the north-western coast of North America|year=1874|publisher=John H. Carmany and Co.|location=San Franc.|chapter=The California Gray Whale|pages=20–33|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/marinemammalsofn00scam#page/n27/mode/2up|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Scammon|1874}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=Radiation of Extant Cetaceans Driven by Restructuring of the Oceans|first1=M. E.|last2=Hebsgaard|first2=M. B.|journal=Systematic Biology|issue=6|doi=10.1093/sysbio/syp060|year=2009|volume=58|pages=573–585|pmc=2777972|pmid=20525610|ref=harv|last3=Fordyce|first3=R. Ewan|last4=Ho|first4=S. Y. W.|last5=Rabosky|first5=D. L.|last6=Nielsen|first6=R.|last7=Rahbek|first7=C.|last8=Glenner|first8=H.|last9=Sørensen|first9=M. V.|last1=Steeman|last10=Willerslev|first10=E.}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Steeman|Hebsgaard|Fordyce|Ho|2009}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=Notizie preliminari su le Balenoptere fossili subappennine del Museo parmense|url=https://archive.org/stream/bollettino11ditgoog#page/n554/mode/2up|last=Strobel|first=P.|journal=Bollettino del R. Comitato Geologico d'Italia|issue=6|year=1875|volume=5|pages=131–140|language=Italian|ref=harv|layurl=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?reference_no=18949&action=referenceInfo|laydate=November 2013}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Strobel|1875}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last1=Van Beneden|first1=P. J.|author1-link=Pierre-Joseph van Beneden|last2=Gervais|first2=P.|author2-link=Paul Gervais|title=Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du système dentaire de ces animaux; ainsi que des documents relatifs à leur histoire naturelle|year=1868|location=Paris|publisher=A. Bertrand|url=https://archive.org/stream/ostographiedes00ben#page/290/mode/2up|layurl=http://fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=displayReference&reference_no=13984|laydate=November 2013|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.9521|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Van Beneden|Gervais|1868}} --> |
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* {{Cite book|last=Weber|first=M.|authorlink=Max Carl Wilhelm Weber|title=Die Säugetiere|year=1904|publisher=G. Fischer|location=Jena|language=German|url=https://archive.org/stream/diesugetiereei00webe#page/574/mode/2up|layurl=http://fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=referenceInfo&reference_no=36615|laydate=November 2013|oclc=2662569|ref=harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Weber|1904}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal|title=Neogene Cetacea of the Lee Creek Phosphate Mine, North Carolina|first1=F. C.|last2=Kaltenbach|first2=J. A.|journal=Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication|year=2008|volume=14|pages=181–269|ref=harv|layurl=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=displayReference&reference_no=26220|laydate=November 2013|last1=Whitmore}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Whitmore|Kaltenbach|2008}} --> |
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{{Refend}} |
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== 外部链接 == |
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* {{Commonscat-inline|Eschrichtiidae}} |
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* {{Wikispecies-inline|Eschrichtiidae}} |
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[[Category:鬚鯨亞目]] |
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[[Category:CS1意大利语来源 (it)]] |
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[[Category:CS1拉丁文来源 (la)]] |
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[[Category:CS1法语来源 (fr)]] |
2019年7月27日 (六) 02:35的版本
灰鲸科 化石时期:
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科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
目: | 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla |
下目: | 鲸下目 Cetacea |
演化支: | 大洋鯨類 Pelagiceti |
演化支: | 新鯨類 Neoceti |
小目: | 鬚鯨小目 Mysticeti |
演化支: | 無齒鬚鯨類 Chaeomysticeti |
演化支: | 露脊鲸形类 Balaenomorpha |
总科: | 鬚鯨總科 Balaenopteroidea |
科: | 灰鲸科 Eschrichtiidae Ellerman & Morrison-Scott 1951 |
属 | |
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異名 | |
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灰鲸科(学名:Eschrichtiidae)是须鲸小目(Mysticeti)的一科,仅包含一个现存物种灰鲸(Eschrichtius robustus),此外,本科还包括三化石属,即分别生存于意大利中新世和上新世的始灰鲸属 (Archaeschrichtius)及拟灰鲸属(Eschrichtioides)[1],还有生存于上新世北卡罗来纳的格雷斯鲸属(Gricetoides)。[2] 本科及其模式属的学名是为了纪念丹麦动物学家丹尼尔·埃施里赫特。[3]
分类史
18世纪,一些学者[4] 将灰鲸描述为露脊鲸属的一种,学名为Balaena gibbosa,本种被描述为"背脊上拥有六个突起的鲸",这显然是基于1725年达德利[5]的笔记:[6]
这种“瘦鲸”是脊鳍鲸的近亲,但背上无鳍,其崎岖的背脊共有六个突起,是一种能提供近乎丰富油脂的鲸种,其骨白色,但不分裂。[7]
Lilljeborg 1861基于发现于的波罗的海的半化石样本,第一次将灰鲸描述为一个独立物种,这个样本显然是来自于一个已灭绝的北大西洋种群。 然而,Lilljeborg将它归类于须鲸属,学名为Balaenoptera robusta[8]。直到1864年格雷引用错误:<ref>
标签中未填内容的引用必须填写name属性发现其肋骨和肩胛骨样本并不同的任何已知的须鲸,因此建立了一个新的属, 即灰鲸属。[9]
参考文献
- ^ Bisconti 2008
- ^ Pyenson & Lindberg 2011
- ^ Jones & Swartz 2008
- ^ E.g. Erxleben 1777,第610–611頁; Anderson 1746; Brisson 1762
- ^ Risperidone. Reactions Weekly. 2018-10, 1725 (1): 258–258. ISSN 0114-9954. doi:10.1007/s40278-018-53599-x.
- ^ Barnes & McLeod 1984,第4–5頁
- ^ Dudley 1725,第258頁
- ^ Lilljeborg 1861
- ^ Gray 1864
来源
- Anderson, J. Nachrichten von Island, Grönland und der Strasse Davis. Hamburg: Verlegts Georg Christian Grund, Buckdr. 1746 (German).
- Barnes, L. G.; McLeod, S. A. The Fossil Record and Phyletic Relationships of Gray Whales. Jones, M. L.; Swartz, S. L.; Leatherwood, S. (编). The Gray Whale: Eschrichtius Robustus. Academic Press. 1984: 3–28. ISBN 9780080923727.
- Bisconti, M. Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a new eschrichtiid genus (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Early Pliocene of northern Italy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2008, 153: 161–186. OCLC 438026086. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00374.x. 简明摘要 (November 2013).
- Bisconti, M.; Varola, A. The oldest eschrichtiid mysticete: and a new morphological diagnosis of Eschrichtiidae (gray whales) (PDF). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 2006, 112 (3): 447–457. 简明摘要 (November 2013).
- Brisson, M. J. Regnum animale in classes IX. distributum, sive, Synopsis methodica. Lieden: Apud Theodorum Haak. 1762. OCLC 13184910 (Latin及French).
- Bryant, P. J. Dating Remains of Gray Whales from the Eastern North Atlantic. Journal of Mammalogy. 1995, 76 (3): 857–861. JSTOR 1382754. doi:10.2307/1382754.
- Deméré, T.A; Berta, A.; McGowen, M. R. The taxonomic and evolutionary history of fossil and modern balaenopteroid mysticetes (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 2005, 12 (1/2): 99–143. doi:10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3.
- Dudley, P. An Essay upon the Natural History of Whales, with a particular Account of the Ambergris found in the Sperma Ceti Whale. In a Letter to the Publisher, from the Honourable Paul Dudley, Esq; F. R. S. Philosophical Transactions. 1725, 33 (387): 256–269. doi:10.1098/rstl.1724.0053.
- Ellerman, J. R.; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946. British Museum (Natural History). 1951: 1–810. OCLC 469669291. 简明摘要 (November 2013).
- Erxleben, J. C. P. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis 1: Mammalia. Leipzig: Weygandianis. 1777. OCLC 22224991. OL 23666710M. 简明摘要 (November 2013) (Latin).
- Gray, J. E. Notes on the Whalebone-Whales; with a Synopsis of the Species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3. 1864, 14 (83): 345–353. doi:10.1080/00222936408681724.
- Jones, M. L.; Swartz, S. L. Gray whale. Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. (编). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. 2008: 503–511. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9.
- Lilljeborg, W. Öfversigt af de inom Skandinavien (Sverige och Norrige) anträffade Hvalartade Däggdjur (Cetacea). 1861. OCLC 670223335. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.15843 (Swedish).
- Portis, A. Catalogo descrittivo dei Talassoterii rinvenuti nei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Turin: Ermanno Loescher. 1885. OCLC 9527515. 简明摘要 (November 2013) (Italian).
- Pyenson, N. D.; Lindberg, D. R. What Happened to Gray Whales during the Pleistocene? The Ecological Impact of Sea-Level Change on Benthic Feeding Areas in the North Pacific Ocean. PLoS ONE. 2011, 6 (7): e21295. PMC 3130736 . PMID 21754984. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021295.
- Scammon, C. M. On the cetaceans of the western coast of North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1869, 21: 13–63. JSTOR 4060095.
- Scammon, C. M. The California Gray Whale. The marine mammals of the north-western coast of North America. San Franc.: John H. Carmany and Co. 1874: 20–33.
- Steeman, M. E.; Hebsgaard, M. B.; Fordyce, R. Ewan; Ho, S. Y. W.; Rabosky, D. L.; Nielsen, R.; Rahbek, C.; Glenner, H.; Sørensen, M. V.; Willerslev, E. Radiation of Extant Cetaceans Driven by Restructuring of the Oceans. Systematic Biology. 2009, 58 (6): 573–585. PMC 2777972 . PMID 20525610. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp060.
- Strobel, P. Notizie preliminari su le Balenoptere fossili subappennine del Museo parmense. Bollettino del R. Comitato Geologico d'Italia. 1875, 5 (6): 131–140. 简明摘要 (November 2013) (Italian).
- Van Beneden, P. J.; Gervais, P. Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du système dentaire de ces animaux; ainsi que des documents relatifs à leur histoire naturelle. Paris: A. Bertrand. 1868. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.9521. 简明摘要 (November 2013).
- Weber, M. Die Säugetiere. Jena: G. Fischer. 1904. OCLC 2662569. 简明摘要 (November 2013) (German).
- Whitmore, F. C.; Kaltenbach, J. A. Neogene Cetacea of the Lee Creek Phosphate Mine, North Carolina. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication. 2008, 14: 181–269. 简明摘要 (November 2013).