兜兰属

兜兰属
	美丽拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum bellatulum
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
目：	天门冬目 Asparagales
科：	兰科 Orchidaceae
亚科：	杓兰亚科 Cypripedioideae
属：	兜兰属 Paphiopedilum; Pfitzer, 1886
亚属
	5个，详见内文
多样性
	[[见正文\|约80个物种]]
异名
	Cordula Raf.; Menephora Raf.; Stimegas Raf.

兜兰属（学名：Paphiopedilum），又称拖鞋兰、仙履兰，或音译作芭菲尔鞋兰，是兰科下的一个属。属名Paphiopedilum来自希腊文Paphia及pedilon（拖鞋）组合而成。paphia是希腊神话中的爱神阿芙萝黛蒂的一个别名，源自阿芙萝黛蒂诞生后在爱琴海塞浦路斯（Cyprus）岛上的登陆地点帕福斯（Paphos）而来。全属约有128个物种（含31个天然杂交种），分布于中国大陆南方、印度、东南亚及大洋洲诸岛。拖鞋兰的品种有麻栗坡拖鞋兰、长瓣拖鞋兰、虎斑拖鞋兰、卷萼拖鞋兰、紫纹拖鞋兰、同色拖鞋兰、越南拖鞋兰等。

生物分类学和系统学[编辑]

1886年，德国植物学家乌戈·恩斯特海因里希‧辉瑞（Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer，1846~1906）将喜普鞋兰属（Cypripedium）中的一群物种分离出来，独立为一个新属。它与全北区的亲缘属喜普鞋兰属（Cypripedium）曾被认为是同一属。兜兰属在1959年被定为一有效分类单元。

下属物种[编辑]

本属包括以下物种：

小萼亚属 Parvisepalum

杏黄兜兰 Paphiopedilum armeniacum S.C. Chen & F.Y. Liu, 1982 金童拖鞋兰
Paphiopedilum delenatii Guillaumin 1924 德氏拖鞋兰
白花兜兰 Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. & P.J. Cribb 1986 爱默森拖鞋兰
Paphiopedilum × fanaticum Koop. & N.Haseg. 1992 梵天拖鞋兰
Paphiopedilum × glanzii O.Gruss & Perner 2006 葛兰斯拖鞋兰
绿叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum hangianum Perner & Gruss 1999 汉姬拖鞋兰
Paphiopedilum jackii H.S.Hua 1995 杰克拖鞋兰
麻栗坡兜兰 Paphiopedilum malipoense S.C. Chen & Tsi 1984 麻栗坡拖鞋兰
硬叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum micranthum Tang & Wang 1951 玉女拖鞋兰
越南拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum vietnamense O. Gruss & Perner 1999

短瓣亚属 Brachypetalum

巨瓣兜兰 Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb.f)Stein 1892 美丽拖鞋兰
同色兜兰 Paphiopedilum concolor (Bateman) Pfitzer 1888 同色拖鞋兰
云南兜兰 Paphiopedilum godefroyae (Godefroy Lebeuf) Stein 1892 戈弗雷拖鞋兰
白唇拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum leucochilum (Rolfe) Fowlie, 1975
雪白拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f) Stein, 1892
泰莲拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum thaianum Iamwir., 2006
文山拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × wenshanense Z.J.Liu & J.Yong Zhang 2000

多花亚属 Polyantha

多花节 Section Polyantha

亚德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum adductum Asher 1983，马面拖鞋兰
雅尼拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum anitum Golamco 1998
巨叶拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum gigantifolium Braem, Baker & Baker 1997
腺瓣拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum glanduliferum (Blume) Pfitzer 1895
科罗拔拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum kolopakingii Fowlie 1984
黄氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum ooii Koop. 1999
菲律宾拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum philippinense (Rchb.f) Stein 1892
超群拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum praestans (Rchb.f) Pfitz 1894
兰德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum randsii Fowlie 1969
罗贝伦拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum roebbelenii (Rchb.f) Pfitzer 1894
罗氏兜兰 Paphiopedilum rothschildianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892，洛斯拖鞋兰
桑德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum sanderianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1895
史东拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum stonei (Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1895
苏帕迪拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum supardii Braem & Lob 1985
阔叶拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum platyphyllum T.Yukawa 2001
威廉明娜拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum wilhelminae L.O.Williams 1942

长瓣节 Section Pardalopetalum

长瓣兜兰 Paphiopedilum dianthum Tang & Wang 1940 双花拖鞋兰／长瓣拖鞋兰
飘带兜兰 Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb.f) Stein 1894 派瑞许拖鞋兰
哈伊纳拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum haynaldianum (Rchb.f.) Stein 1892 ，细瓣拖鞋兰
印坦拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum intaniae Cavestro 2000，苏岛拖鞋兰
洛氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum lowii (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895
理查德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum richardianum Asher & Beaman 1988

拖鞋兰亚属 Paphiopedilum

拖鞋兰节 Section Paphiopedilum

Paphiopedilum × affine De Wild. 1906
砖色拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum coccineum
根茎拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × areeanum O.Gruss 2001
Paphiopedilum × aspersum Aver. 2002
小叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum barbigerum T. Tang & F.T. Wang 1940 小叶拖鞋兰
柏萨尔拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum boxalli (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888
查尔斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum charlesworthii
(Rolfe) Pfitzer 1895
- Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense W. Tongkham, S. Pumikong, N. Potapohn & W. Bundithya, 2022^[1]
Paphiopedilum cornutum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
砖色拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum coccineum Perner & R.Herrm. 2000
克里布拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × cribbii Aver. 2006
德鲁氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum druryi (Bedd.) Pfitzer 1895
大勒拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × dalatense Aver. 2002
狭叶拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe 1896
菲尔瑞拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindley) Stein 1892 ^[2]
葛拉提斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum gratrixianum Rolfe 1905
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae Aver. 1996 海伦拖鞋兰，巧花兜兰
亨利兜兰 Paphiopedilum henryanum Braem 1987 亨利拖鞋兰
禾曼兜兰 Paphiopedilum × herrmannii F.Fuchs & H.Reisinger 1995 赫尔曼拖鞋兰
带叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1892 毛花拖鞋兰
虎克拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum hookerae (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
波瓣兜兰 Paphiopedilum insigne (Lindley) Pfitz 1888 波瓣拖鞋兰
Paphiopedilum × nitens Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
史拜瑟拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum spicerianum (Rchb.f) Pfitz. 1888
中华紫毛拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × sinovillosum Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2004
虎纹拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum tigrinum Koop. & N. Hasegawa 1990
泉氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum tranlienianum O.Gruss & H.Perner 1998
紫毛兜兰 Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895 紫毛拖鞋兰
Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum O.Gruss & Roellke 2003
无量山拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × wuliangshanicum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
盈江拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × yingjiangense Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2007

须毛节 Section Barbata

Paphiopedilum anitanum Cavestro 2017 安塔拖鞋兰
卷萼兜兰 Paphiopedilum argus (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892 阿戈斯拖鞋兰
卷萼兜兰 Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe 1896 阿普尔顿拖鞋兰
齿唇拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum acmodontum M.W. Wood 1976
阿格斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum agusii Cavestro & N. Bougourd 2017
须毛拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum barbatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1888
布伦拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum bullenianum [Rchb.f] Pfitzer 1894
布干维尔拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum Fowlie 1971
布拉姆拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum braemii H. Mohr 1989
Paphiopedilum bungebelangi Metusala^[3]
瘤瓣拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892
耿氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum canhii Aver. & O.Gruss 2010
短毛拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum ciliolare (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892
柯蒂斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum curtisii (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
戴氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum dayanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
福利拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum fowliei Birk 1981
Paphiopedilum hennisianum (M.W. Wood) Fowlie 1977 亨尼斯拖鞋兰
Paphiopedilum inamorii P.J.Cribb & A.L.Lamb 2011 稻盛拖鞋兰
爪哇拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum javanicum (Reinw. ex Blume) Pfitzer 1888
盖洛格拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × kimballianum (Rchb.f.) Rolfe 1896
劳伦斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888
Paphiopedilum lunatum Metusala^[3]
伦鲁安拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum O.Gruss, Rungruang, Chaisur. & Dionisio, 2014^[4]
麦斯特拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum mastersianum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
深褐拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum nigritum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1896
巴布亚拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum papuanum (Ridl. ex Rendle) L.O. Williams 1946
帕娜塔拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum parnatanum Cavestro, 1999
紫纹兜兰 Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindley) Stein, 1894 紫纹拖鞋兰
普拉德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × pradhanii Pradhan, 1979
伦鲁安拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum O.Gruss, Rungruang, Chaisur. & Dionisio 2014
罗宾森拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum robinsonianum Cavestro 2014 publ. 2013 ^[5]
颂氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum sangii Braem 1987
施洛赛拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum schoseri Braem & H.Mohr 1988
椙山拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum sugiyamanum Cavestro 2001
萨卡库拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum sukhakulii Schoser & Senghas 1965
优秀拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum superbiens (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
暹罗拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × siamensis (Rolfe) Rolfe 189
秃瓣拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum tonsum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
儿本拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum urbanianum Fowlie 1981
秀丽兜兰 Paphiopedilum venustum [Wall. ex Sims] Pfitz. 1888, 维纳斯拖鞋兰^[2]
堇色拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum violascens Schltr. 1911
诺让拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum volonteanum (Sander) Stein 1892
葡色拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum viniferum Koop. & N.Haseg. 2000
彩云兜兰 Paphiopedilum wardii Summerhayes 1932 沃德拖鞋兰
温特沃斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum wentworthianum Schoser & Fowlie 1968
苏荷曼拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum zulhermanianum Cavestro 2017

旋瓣亚属 Cochlopetalum

张伯伦拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum chamberlainianum (O'Brien) Pfitzer 1895
多迪拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum dodyanum Cavestro 2017
灰叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum (J.J.Smith.) Pfitzer 1900 灰叶拖鞋兰
林姆拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum liemianum (Fowlie) Karas. & Saito 1982
莫迪格拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum moquetteanum (J.J. Sm.) Fowlie 1980
樱草拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum primulinum M.W. Wood & P. Taylor 1973
圣母拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae (Rolfe) Rolfe 1896
女王拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum victoria-regina (Sander) M.W. Wood 1976

地位未定

Paphiopedilum myanmaricum Koopowitz, Iamwir. & Laohap^[6]
Paphiopedilum notatisepalum Z. J. Liu, M. Wang & S. R. Lan^[7]
Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus Schuit., Luang Aphay & Iio^[8]

波瓣兜兰
Paphiopedilum insigne
巨瓣兜兰
Paphiopedilum bellatulum
卷萼兜兰
Paphiopedilum appletonianum
报春兜兰变种
Paphiopedilum primulinum
var. purpurascens
白旗兜兰
Paphiopedilum spicerianum
苏氏兜兰
Paphiopedilum sukhakulii
罗氏兜兰
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum
梵天拖鞋兰
Paphiopedilum × fanaticum
雪白兜兰
Paphiopedilum niveum

^ Wicharuj Tongkham, Supalak Pumikong, Nuttha Potapohn and Weenun Bundithya. 2022. Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, A New Slipper Orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses. Phytotaxa. 531(1); 1-17. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.1
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Dhan Bahadur Gurung, Nima Gyeltshen, Kezang Tobgay, Stig Dalström, Jangchu Wangdi, Bhakta Bahadur Ghalley, Lekey Chaida, Phuntsho, Ngawang Gyeltshen, Kelzang Dawa, Tandin Wangchuk, Rebecca Pradhan, Thomas Hoijer and Choki Gyeltshen. 2019. Distribution and Habitats of Paphiopedilum Pfitzer (Orchidaceae) known to Occur in Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 11(9); 14101-14111. DOI: 10.11609/jott.3431.11.9.14101-14111
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 D. Metusala. 2017. Two New Species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) Section Barbata from Sumatra, Indonesia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 74(1); 1-10. DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000063
^ Olaf Gruß, Niwat Rungruang, Yongyouth Chaisuriyakul and Ibn Dionisio. Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, a new species discovered in Northern-Laos. [Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, eine neue Art aus Nord-Laos]. OrchideenJournal.
^ Cavestro W. 2014. Paphiopedilum robinsonianum sp. nov. Rhône-Alpes Orchidées. 52 : 10-15.
^ Harold Koopowitz, Prapanth Iamwiriyakul and Srisuda Laohapatcharin. 2017. Paphiopedilum myanmaricum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa. 324(1); 97–100. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.1.9
^ Meina Wang, Si-Ren Lan and Zhong-Jian Liu. 2017. Paphiopedilum notatisepalum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on Morphological and DNA Evidence. Phytotaxa. 302(2); 156 – 164. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.5
^ Andre Schuiteman, Sulvng Luang Aphay and Shunsuke Iio. 2018. Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus (Orchidaceae), A New Species from Laos. Orchideen Journal. 6(4); 1-21. orchideen-journal.de/permalink/OrchideenJournal_Vol6_4.pdf

[1] Wicharuj Tongkham, Supalak Pumikong, Nuttha Potapohn and Weenun Bundithya. 2022. Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, A New Slipper Orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses. Phytotaxa. 531(1); 1-17. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.1

[Gurung-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Dhan Bahadur Gurung, Nima Gyeltshen, Kezang Tobgay, Stig Dalström, Jangchu Wangdi, Bhakta Bahadur Ghalley, Lekey Chaida, Phuntsho, Ngawang Gyeltshen, Kelzang Dawa, Tandin Wangchuk, Rebecca Pradhan, Thomas Hoijer and Choki Gyeltshen. 2019. Distribution and Habitats of Paphiopedilum Pfitzer (Orchidaceae) known to Occur in Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 11(9); 14101-14111. DOI: 10.11609/jott.3431.11.9.14101-14111

[Metusala-3] 3.0 ^3.1 D. Metusala. 2017. Two New Species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) Section Barbata from Sumatra, Indonesia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 74(1); 1-10. DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000063

[4] Olaf Gruß, Niwat Rungruang, Yongyouth Chaisuriyakul and Ibn Dionisio. Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, a new species discovered in Northern-Laos. [Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, eine neue Art aus Nord-Laos]. OrchideenJournal.

[5] Cavestro W. 2014. Paphiopedilum robinsonianum sp. nov. Rhône-Alpes Orchidées. 52 : 10-15.

[6] Harold Koopowitz, Prapanth Iamwiriyakul and Srisuda Laohapatcharin. 2017. Paphiopedilum myanmaricum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa. 324(1); 97–100. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.1.9

[7] Meina Wang, Si-Ren Lan and Zhong-Jian Liu. 2017. Paphiopedilum notatisepalum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on Morphological and DNA Evidence. Phytotaxa. 302(2); 156 – 164. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.5

[8] Andre Schuiteman, Sulvng Luang Aphay and Shunsuke Iio. 2018. Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus (Orchidaceae), A New Species from Laos. Orchideen Journal. 6(4); 1-21. orchideen-journal.de/permalink/OrchideenJournal_Vol6_4.pdf

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