瓜利乔龙属：修订间差异
Xenoceratops（留言 | 贡献） |
（没有差异）
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2020年8月11日 (二) 09:04的版本
瓜利乔龙属 化石时期：白垩纪晚期，
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| 骨骼重建图，已知部分为白色 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 蜥形纲 Sauropsida |
| 总目： | 恐龍總目 Dinosauria |
| 目： | 蜥臀目 Saurischia |
| 亚目： | 獸腳亞目 Theropoda |
| 演化支： | 俄里翁龍類 Orionides |
| 演化支： | 鳥獸腳類 Avetheropoda |
| 属： | †瓜利乔龙属 Gualicho Apesteguía et al., 2016 |
| 模式種 | |
| 里野戈瓦里龙 Gualicho shinyae Apesteguía et al., 2016
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戈瓦里龙属（学名：Gualicho，命名自当地人传说中的恶魔gualichu）又称瓜里丘龙，是一属兽脚类恐龙，模式种是里野戈瓦里龙（Gualicho shinyae）。该属生存于今天的阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚北部，那里当时是从超大陆冈瓦纳分裂出来的一个南美洲岛屿。戈瓦里龙的残骸发现于乌因库尔组，年代为上白垩纪后期的早森诺曼阶至晚土仑阶，约9300万年前。
发现
2007年2月13日，菲尔德自然历史博物馆的制作标本人员菊地星野（Akiko Shinya）在Ezequiel Ramos Mexía水库以东一个名叫奥兰特的农场中发现一具全新的兽脚亚目动物残骸。2016年，该标本由塞巴斯蒂安·阿佩斯特古伊亚（Sebastián Apesteguía）、内森·史密斯（Nathan D. Smith）、鲁本·华雷斯·瓦列里（Rubén Juárez Valieri ）和彼得·马科维奇（Peter J. Makovicky）命名并描述。属名指gualichu，一个当地民间传说中的恶魔。属名是为了纪念化石发现者菊地星野。[1]
The holotype, MPCN PV 0001, consists of a partial skeleton lacking the skull. It contains four vertebrae of the back, three vertebrae of the middle tail, ribs, a basket of belly-ribs, the left shoulder girdle, the left forelimb, the right lower arm, the lower ends of both pubic bones, the right thighbone, the lower end of the left thighbone, the upper ends of the right shinbone and calf bone, elements of both metatarsi and three toes of the right foot. Most bones were uncovered in their original anatomical position but much of the skeleton had been destroyed by erosion.[1]
Gualicho has been suggested to be synonymous with the megaraptoran Aoniraptor, also known from Huincul Formation and uncovered at the Violante site in view of similarities in their caudal vertebrae.[2][3] However, Aoniraptor does not meet the requirements of ICZN Article 8.5.3, meaning it is an invalid nomen nudum.[4]
Description
Like the well-known Tyrannosaurus, to which it has been compared, the 6—7米（20—23英尺） Gualicho possesses reduced arms and possibly two fingered hands, although a 2020 study suggests enough of the third metacarpal is present for a third finger.[5] The finding of Gualicho indicates that carnosaurs may have been subject to the same evolution of limb-reduction as tyrannosaurids and abelisaurids, provided that Gualicho is a carnosaur in the first place.[6]
Classification
Phylogenetically, Gualicho presents two possibilities; that megaraptorans and neovenatorids were carnosaurs, or that megaraptorans and neovenatorids were a grade of theropods more closely related to coelurosaurs than to carnosaurs.[1]
The cladogram below follows a 2016 analysis by Sebastián Apesteguía, Nathan D. Smith, Rubén Juarez Valieri, and Peter J. Makovicky.[1]
| Allosauroidea |
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The cladogram below follows the strict consensus (average result) of the twelve most parsimonious trees (the simplest evolutionary paths, in terms of the total amount of sampled features evolved or lost between sampled taxa) found by Porfiri et al. (2018)'s phylogenetic analysis.[7] Although the results are different, the methodology analysis was practically identical to that of Apesteguia et al. (2016), only differing in the fact that it incorporated Tratayenia and Murusraptor, two megaraptorans not sampled in the analysis of Apesteguia et al.[1]
| Avetheropoda |
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References
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Apesteguía S, Smith ND, Juárez Valieri R, Makovicky PJ. An Unusual New Theropod with a Didactyl Manus from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. PLOS One. 2016, 11 (7): e0157793. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1157793A. PMC 4943716
. PMID 27410683. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157793.
- ^ Mortimer M. Is Gualicho Aoniraptor?. The Theropod Database Blog. 2016-07-13 [14 July 2016].
- ^ Cau A. Nuovi resti di Aoniraptor? Ehm... Benvenuto Gualicho!. Theropoda. [14 July 2016].
- ^ Mortimer M. Is Gualicho Aoniraptor?. The Theropod Database Blog. July 2016.
- ^ Ibrahim, Nizar; Sereno, Paul C.; Varricchio, David J.; Martill, David M.; Dutheil, Didier B.; Unwin, David M.; Baidder, Lahssen; Larsson, Hans C. E.; Zouhri, Samir; Kaoukaya, Abdelhadi. Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco. ZooKeys. 2020-04-21, 928: 1–216. ISSN 1313-2970. doi:10.3897/zookeys.928.47517 （英语）.
- ^ Davis N. Meet Gualico shinyae, the puny armed distant relative of T-rex. The Guardian. 13 July 2016 [13 July 2016].
- ^ Porfiri JD, Juárez Valieri RD, Santos DD, Lamanna MC. A new megaraptoran theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation of northwestern Patagonia. Cretaceous Research. March 2018, 89: 302–319. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.03.014.
