喬瓦尼·阿爾杜伊諾

喬瓦尼·阿爾杜伊諾
Giovanni Arduino
喬瓦尼·阿爾杜伊諾; Giovanni Arduino
出生	1714年10月16日; 威尼斯共和國卡普里諾-韋羅內塞
逝世	1795年3月21日（80歲）; 威尼斯共和國威尼斯
国籍	義大利
知名于	義大利地質學
	科学生涯
研究领域	地質學

喬瓦尼·阿爾杜伊諾（義大利語：Giovanni Arduino，1714年10月16日—1795年3月21日）是一名義大利地質學家，被譽為「義大利地質學之父」。

阿爾杜伊諾出生於威尼托卡普里諾-韋羅內塞。他是一位礦業專家，根據對義大利北部地質的研究，提出可能是第一個地質年代分類法。他將地球的歷史分為四個時期：原始、第二、第三、火山或第四紀。

1759年，阿爾杜伊諾根據對阿爾卑斯山南部岩石的大量研究，提出將岩石分為四個系列的方案^[1]^[2]。除火山岩或第四系外，這四個系分別是：原生系，由山腹的片岩組成；次生系，由山腰的堅硬沉積岩組成；第三系，由山麓的硬度較低的沉積岩組成。由於阿爾卑斯山脈以外的山脈並不總是採用這種排列方式，因此在一般情況下放棄了原生岩和次生岩。不過，「第三紀」一詞在地質文獻中一直存在，直到最近被古近紀和新近紀所取代。新生代的最後一個時期仍被稱為第四紀。英國地質學家查爾斯·萊爾等人研究並進一步確定了新生代。

阿爾杜伊諾於1795年在威尼斯去世，享壽80歲。月球山脊阿爾杜伊諾山脊就是以他的名字命名的。

延伸閱讀[编辑]

Rodolico, Francesco. Giovanni Arduino. Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons: 233–234. 1970. ISBN 0-684-10114-9.
Ell, Theodore. Two Letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, Concerning his Natural Observations: First Full English Translation. Part 1. Earth Sciences History. 2011, 30 (2): 267–286. doi:10.17704/eshi.30.2.22r632j0x453gj45 .

參考資料[编辑]

^ Bates, Marston. The Nature of Natural History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1950: 51.
^
參見：
- Arduino, Giovanni. Lettera Segonda di Giovanni Arduino … sopra varie sue osservazioni fatte in diverse parti del territorio di Vicenza, ed altrove, apparenenti alla Teoria terrestre, ed alla Mineralogia [Second letter of Giovani Arduino … on his various observations made in different parts of the territory of Vincenza, and elsewhere, concerning the theory of the earth and mineralogy]. Nuova Raccolta d'Opuscoli Scientifici e Filologici [New collection of scientific and philogical pamphlets]. 1760, 6: 133 (cxxxiii)–180(clxxx) （意大利语）. Available at: Museo Galileo (Florence (Firenze), Italy) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） From p. 158 (clviii): "Per quanto ho potuto sinora osservavare, la serie di questi strati, che compongono la corteccia visibile della terra, mi pare distinta in quattro ordini generali, e successivi, senza considerarvi il mare." (As far as I have been able to observe, the series of these layers that compose the visible crust of the earth seems to me distinct in four general orders, and successive, not considering the sea.)
- English translation: Ell, Theodore. Two letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, concerning his natural observations: first full English translation. Part 2.. Earth Sciences History. 2012, 31 (2): 168–192. doi:10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751.

外部連結[编辑]

Effetti di Antichissimi Estinti Vulcani, e Altri Fenomeni, e Prodotti Fossili Osservati da Giovanni Arduino （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1769); Osservazioni chimiche sopra alcuni fossili （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1779); and Esame Chimico, e Considerazioni Sopra la Marga, Ossia Marna... （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1791)- full digital facsimiles at Linda Hall Library

[Bates-1] Bates, Marston. The Nature of Natural History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1950: 51.

[2] 參見：
Arduino, Giovanni. Lettera Segonda di Giovanni Arduino … sopra varie sue osservazioni fatte in diverse parti del territorio di Vicenza, ed altrove, apparenenti alla Teoria terrestre, ed alla Mineralogia [Second letter of Giovani Arduino … on his various observations made in different parts of the territory of Vincenza, and elsewhere, concerning the theory of the earth and mineralogy]. Nuova Raccolta d'Opuscoli Scientifici e Filologici [New collection of scientific and philogical pamphlets]. 1760, 6: 133 (cxxxiii)–180(clxxx) （意大利语）. Available at: Museo Galileo (Florence (Firenze), Italy) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） From p. 158 (clviii): "Per quanto ho potuto sinora osservavare, la serie di questi strati, che compongono la corteccia visibile della terra, mi pare distinta in quattro ordini generali, e successivi, senza considerarvi il mare." (As far as I have been able to observe, the series of these layers that compose the visible crust of the earth seems to me distinct in four general orders, and successive, not considering the sea.)

English translation: Ell, Theodore. Two letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, concerning his natural observations: first full English translation. Part 2.. Earth Sciences History. 2012, 31 (2): 168–192. doi:10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751.

[3] Arduino, Giovanni. Lettera Segonda di Giovanni Arduino … sopra varie sue osservazioni fatte in diverse parti del territorio di Vicenza, ed altrove, apparenenti alla Teoria terrestre, ed alla Mineralogia [Second letter of Giovani Arduino … on his various observations made in different parts of the territory of Vincenza, and elsewhere, concerning the theory of the earth and mineralogy]. Nuova Raccolta d'Opuscoli Scientifici e Filologici [New collection of scientific and philogical pamphlets]. 1760, 6: 133 (cxxxiii)–180(clxxx) （意大利语）. Available at: Museo Galileo (Florence (Firenze), Italy) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） From p. 158 (clviii): "Per quanto ho potuto sinora osservavare, la serie di questi strati, che compongono la corteccia visibile della terra, mi pare distinta in quattro ordini generali, e successivi, senza considerarvi il mare." (As far as I have been able to observe, the series of these layers that compose the visible crust of the earth seems to me distinct in four general orders, and successive, not considering the sea.)

[4] English translation: Ell, Theodore. Two letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, concerning his natural observations: first full English translation. Part 2.. Earth Sciences History. 2012, 31 (2): 168–192. doi:10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751.

[1]

[2]