尼日尔河三角洲冲突

尼日河三角洲衝突
	; 尼日爾河三角洲地圖：1. 阿比亞州；2. 阿誇伊博姆州；3. 巴耶爾薩州；4. 克里斯河州；5. 三角洲州；6. 埃多州；7.伊莫州；8. 翁多州；9. 河流州
日期	2003年3月12日 – 至今; (23年2个月又1天)
地点	奈及利亞尼日河三角洲阿比亞州; 阿夸伊博姆州; 巴耶爾薩州; 克羅斯河州; 三角洲州; 埃多州; 伊莫州; 翁多州; 河流州; ;
状态	進行中約15,000名武裝分子簽署了總統特赦計劃;
参战方
奈及利亞政府尼日爾三角洲革命十字軍（自 2019 年起）; 奈及利亞武裝部隊; 列表阿比亞州; 阿夸伊博姆州; 巴耶爾薩州; 克羅斯河州; 三角洲州; 埃多州; 伊莫州; 翁多州; 河流州; ; 支持:; 白俄羅斯	尼日爾三角洲共和國 Niger Delta Avengers; (2016–至今); Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate; (2016–至今); Joint Niger Delta Liberation Force; (2016–至今); Niger Delta Red Squad; (2016–至今); Adaka Boro Avengers; (2016–至今); Asawana Deadly Force of Niger Delta; (2016–至今); Niger Delta Revolutionary Crusaders; (2016–至今); New Delta Avengers (2017–至今); Niger Delta Marine Force; (2017–至今); Reformed Egbesu Fraternities Red Egbesu Water Lions; (2016–至今); Reformed Egbesu Boys of the Niger Delta; (2016–至今); Egbesu Mightier Fraternity; (2016–至今); 比亞法拉共和國分離主義分子（自 2021 年起）尼日河三角洲解放運動; (2004–14); Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force; (2003–09); Niger Delta Liberation Front; (2005–14); Joint Revolutionary Council; (2004–14); Niger Delta Vigilante; (2004–09); 支持:; IPOB 成員強盜海盜犯罪組織 Black Axe; The Outlaws; Eiye;
指挥官与领导者
博拉·蒂努布; (2023–至今); Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo; (2023–至今); Kayode Egbetokun; (2023–至今) ; Mohammed Badaru Abubakar; (2023–至今); Christopher Musa; (2023–至今) ; Olufemi Oluyede; (2024–至今); Emmanuel Ogalla; (2023–至今); Hassan Abubakar; (2023–至今) ; Alex Otti; (2023–至今); Umo Eno; (2023–至今); Douye Diri; (2020–至今); Bassey Otu; (2023–至今); Sheriff Oborevwori; (2023–至今); Monday Okpebholo; (2024–至今); Hope Uzodinma; (2020–至今); Lucky Aiyedatiwa; (2023–至今); Siminalayi Fubara; (2023–至今);	歐卡（俘）; Government Ekpemupolo; Ebikabowei Victor-Ben; Dokubo-Asari; John Togo†; General "Busta Rhymes"; Corporal "Oleum Bellum" (New Delta Avengers); General Benikeme Hitler (Niger Delta Marine Force) Ateke Tom Soboma George†
兵力
15萬士兵	未知
伤亡与损失
约200多人死亡	2,500多人被殺; 截至2023年，約有15,000名武裝分子投降
	约3,000 人喪生

尼日尔河三角洲冲突是20世纪90年代初起在尼日爾河三角洲境內爆發的武裝衝突。當時外国石油公司在尼日爾河三角洲開採石油，結果引起當地居民的不滿。當地居民认为自己受到了剥削。^[18]^[19]自2004年起，暴力事件越來越多，石油公司不斷受到海盗和綁匪的襲擊。^[20] 由於暴力事件的增加，很多外國企業不敢再在該地區投資，這导致尼日利亚陷入能源供应危机。

参考文献

^ Amnesty Programme: Niger Delta Revolutionary Crusaders berate those seeking to oust Prof. Dokubo. Vanguard-nigeria. [2023-02-03].
^ Siarhei Bohdan.Belarusian Military Cooperation With Developing Nations: Dangerous Yet Legal // Belarus Digest, 5 December 2013
^ Нигерийские солдаты проходят специальную подготовку в Беларуси для борьбы с боевиками в дельте Нигера 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2018-07-16. - Центр специальной подготовки Республики Беларусь （俄語）
^ VK.com | VK. m.vk.com.
^ Minahan, James B. Urhobo. Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood: 442–443. 2016. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Tife Owolabi. New militant group threatens Niger Delta oil war - in Latin. Reuters. 14 June 2017 [20 July 2018]. （原始内容存档于21 July 2018）. 已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
^ ‘Asari Dokubo asking Niger Delta to join Biafra is a suicide mission’, PM News, 17 March 2021. Accessed 18 March 2021.
^ Ludovica Iaccino. Pro-Biafrans claim Niger Delta Avengers link: Who is behind group that halted Nigeria's oil production?. IBTimes. [7 September 2016]. （原始内容存档于13 September 2016）. 已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
^ 引用错误：没有为名为taz03092021的参考文献提供内容
^ "Nigeria's Cults and their Role in the Niger Delta Insurgency" by Bestman Wellington, The Jamestown Foundation, 6 July 2007
^ BBC News - Nigerian militants seize workers from oil rig. bbc.co.uk. 2010-11-09 [2011-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-26）.
^ FPIF. fpif.org. 2003-07-01 [2003-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-26）.
^ Background (PDF). [2011-04-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-22）.
^ 115 Killed in Military Crackdown in Nigeria: Amnesty.
^ "Armed Conflicts Report - Nigeria". [9 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-10）.
^ Military Jet Combs Orlu Communities For ESN Operatives After Failed Land Combat 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 January 2021., Sahara Reporters, 27 January 2021. Accessed 28 January 2021.
^ John Wale Odunsi. Biafra National Guard blasts Buhari, charges Igbos to fight Nigerian Army. Daily Post. 15 September 2017 [24 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于24 August 2021）.
^ Ehighelua, Ikhide. Environmental Protection Law. New Pages Law Publishing Co. Effurun/Warri. 2007: 247–250. ISBN 978-9780629328.
^ Koos, Carlo; Pierskalla, Jan. The Effects of Oil Production and Ethnic Representation on Violent Conflict in Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Approach. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2015-01-20, 28 (5): 888–911 [2024-04-14]. ISSN 0954-6553. S2CID 62815154. doi:10.1080/09546553.2014.962021. （原始内容存档于2020-07-11）.
^ Violence in Nigeria's Oil Rich Rivers State in 2004 : Summary. Hrw.org. [2011-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-02）.

[1] Amnesty Programme: Niger Delta Revolutionary Crusaders berate those seeking to oust Prof. Dokubo. Vanguard-nigeria. [2023-02-03].

[2] Siarhei Bohdan.Belarusian Military Cooperation With Developing Nations: Dangerous Yet Legal // Belarus Digest, 5 December 2013

[3] Нигерийские солдаты проходят специальную подготовку в Беларуси для борьбы с боевиками в дельте Нигера 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2018-07-16. - Центр специальной подготовки Республики Беларусь （俄語）

[4] VK.com | VK. m.vk.com.

[Minahan-2016-LC-5] Minahan, James B. Urhobo. Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood: 442–443. 2016. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.

[security_avengers-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Tife Owolabi. New militant group threatens Niger Delta oil war - in Latin. Reuters. 14 June 2017 [20 July 2018]. （原始内容存档于21 July 2018）. 已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)

[7] ‘Asari Dokubo asking Niger Delta to join Biafra is a suicide mission’, PM News, 17 March 2021. Accessed 18 March 2021.

[8] Ludovica Iaccino. Pro-Biafrans claim Niger Delta Avengers link: Who is behind group that halted Nigeria's oil production?. IBTimes. [7 September 2016]. （原始内容存档于13 September 2016）. 已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)

[taz03092021-9] 引用错误：没有为名为taz03092021的参考文献提供内容

[10] "Nigeria's Cults and their Role in the Niger Delta Insurgency" by Bestman Wellington, The Jamestown Foundation, 6 July 2007

[11] BBC News - Nigerian militants seize workers from oil rig. bbc.co.uk. 2010-11-09 [2011-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-26）.

[12] FPIF. fpif.org. 2003-07-01 [2003-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-26）.

[13] Background (PDF). [2011-04-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-22）.

[14] 115 Killed in Military Crackdown in Nigeria: Amnesty.

[15] "Armed Conflicts Report - Nigeria". [9 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-10）.

[sarejan272021-16] Military Jet Combs Orlu Communities For ESN Operatives After Failed Land Combat 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 January 2021., Sahara Reporters, 27 January 2021. Accessed 28 January 2021.

[17] John Wale Odunsi. Biafra National Guard blasts Buhari, charges Igbos to fight Nigerian Army. Daily Post. 15 September 2017 [24 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于24 August 2021）.

[18] Ehighelua, Ikhide. Environmental Protection Law. New Pages Law Publishing Co. Effurun/Warri. 2007: 247–250. ISBN 978-9780629328.

[19] Koos, Carlo; Pierskalla, Jan. The Effects of Oil Production and Ethnic Representation on Violent Conflict in Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Approach. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2015-01-20, 28 (5): 888–911 [2024-04-14]. ISSN 0954-6553. S2CID 62815154. doi:10.1080/09546553.2014.962021. （原始内容存档于2020-07-11）.

[20] Violence in Nigeria's Oil Rich Rivers State in 2004 : Summary. Hrw.org. [2011-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-02）.

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