羟铵盐

羟铵盐
英文名	hydroxylammonium
识别
CAS号	20712-83-8
PubChem	933
性质
化学式	NH3OH+
摩尔质量	34.038 g·mol⁻¹
溶解性（水）	可溶
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

羟铵盐是一类含质子化羟胺的盐，化合物中存在NH₃OH⁺阳离子。除此之外，[(NH₃OH)₂H]⁺和[(NH₃OH)₃H]⁺也是已知的。^[1]

制备与性质[编辑]

羟铵盐可由羟胺和酸的中和反应制得^[2]，或通过复分解反应^[3]及配体取代反应^[4]得到：

NH₂OH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONH₃OH

2 NH₃OHF + H₂SiF₆ → (NH₃OH)₂SiF₆ + 2 HF

NH₃OHCl + VOF₃ + HF → (NH₃OH)VOF₄ + HCl↑

由于NH₃OH⁺具有还原性，它和氧化性阴离子形成的盐是不稳定的，如氯酸羟胺自发分解为硝酸羟胺（英语：hydroxylammonium nitrate）和二氧化氯。^[5]

其离子在溶液中可以和氧化性离子发生反应：

NH₃OH⁺ + 2 HSO₅⁻ → 2 SO₄²⁻ + N₂ + 3 H₂O + 3 H⁺^[6]

2 NH₃OH⁺ + 2 Fe^III → 2 Fe^II + N₂ + 2 H₂O + 4 H⁺^[7]

参考文献[编辑]

^ Wyndham R. Dunstan, Ernest Goulding. LII.—The hydriodides of hydroxylamine. J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1896, 69 (0): 839–842 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0368-1645. doi:10.1039/CT8966900839 （英语）.
^ J. L. Shamshina, P. S. Barber, G. Gurau, C. S. Griggs, R. D. Rogers. Pulping of Crustacean Waste Using Ionic Liquids: To Extract or Not To Extract. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2016-11-07, 4 (11): 6072–6081 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 2168-0485. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01434. （原始内容存档于2020-05-31）（英语）.
^ Kristl, Matjaz; Drofenik, Miha; Golic, Ljubo. Synthesis and structure of hydroxylammonium fluorosilicates（英文）. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 2002. 49 (2): 243-250. ISSN 1318-0207
^ Matic Lozinšek. Hydroxylammonium Tetrafluoridooxidovanadate(V) – (NH3OH)[VOF4]. Acta Chimica Slovenica. 2015-06-15, 62 (2): 378–384 [2021-08-31]. doi:10.17344/acsi.2015.1424. （原始内容存档于2021-08-31）.
^ Titova, K. V.; Kolmakova, E. I.; Rosolovskii, V. Ya. Study of the reaction of hydroxylamine with perchloryl fluoride（俄文）. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1978. 23 (4): 1146-1149. ISSN 0044-457X
^ Madhu Sharma, D. S. N. Prasad, K. S. Gupta. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of hydroxylamine by peroxomonosulphate. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics. 1992-07, 24 (7): 665–670 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0538-8066. doi:10.1002/kin.550240706 （英语）.
^ Kamlesh Arora, Pankaj Bhatnagar, Anand P. Bhargava, Yugul K. Gupta. Stoichiometry, kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of hydroxyammonium ion with iron(III) in acetate buffers. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1991, (4): 1081 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0300-9246. doi:10.1039/dt9910001081 （英语）.

[1] Wyndham R. Dunstan, Ernest Goulding. LII.—The hydriodides of hydroxylamine. J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1896, 69 (0): 839–842 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0368-1645. doi:10.1039/CT8966900839 （英语）.

[2] J. L. Shamshina, P. S. Barber, G. Gurau, C. S. Griggs, R. D. Rogers. Pulping of Crustacean Waste Using Ionic Liquids: To Extract or Not To Extract. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2016-11-07, 4 (11): 6072–6081 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 2168-0485. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01434. （原始内容存档于2020-05-31）（英语）.

[3] Kristl, Matjaz; Drofenik, Miha; Golic, Ljubo. Synthesis and structure of hydroxylammonium fluorosilicates（英文）. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 2002. 49 (2): 243-250. ISSN 1318-0207

[4] Matic Lozinšek. Hydroxylammonium Tetrafluoridooxidovanadate(V) – (NH3OH)[VOF4]. Acta Chimica Slovenica. 2015-06-15, 62 (2): 378–384 [2021-08-31]. doi:10.17344/acsi.2015.1424. （原始内容存档于2021-08-31）.

[5] Titova, K. V.; Kolmakova, E. I.; Rosolovskii, V. Ya. Study of the reaction of hydroxylamine with perchloryl fluoride（俄文）. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1978. 23 (4): 1146-1149. ISSN 0044-457X

[6] Madhu Sharma, D. S. N. Prasad, K. S. Gupta. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of hydroxylamine by peroxomonosulphate. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics. 1992-07, 24 (7): 665–670 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0538-8066. doi:10.1002/kin.550240706 （英语）.

[7] Kamlesh Arora, Pankaj Bhatnagar, Anand P. Bhargava, Yugul K. Gupta. Stoichiometry, kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of hydroxyammonium ion with iron(III) in acetate buffers. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1991, (4): 1081 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0300-9246. doi:10.1039/dt9910001081 （英语）.

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