跳转到内容

花冠

维基百科,自由的百科全书
十字形花冠

花冠(corolla)是一朵中所有花瓣的总称,为花部(flower parts)四轮构造的第二轮,绝大多数情况下位于花萼的内侧,雄蕊外侧。

颜色鲜艳或有气味的花冠,常用於吸引昆蟲傳播花粉,系对虫媒的适应。花冠还可发挥对非生物性因素的适应性功能,例如保护花粉免受雨水浸蚀[1]朝鲜白头翁[2]珙桐[3]),紫外线辐射损伤[4](部分高山植物[5]),或干燥失活(辣木属[6])。花冠的大小和形状都会对花粉活力的持久性和传播的效率造成影响[7]

形态构造

[编辑]

各个花瓣彼此都完全独立分离的花冠,称为离瓣花冠;这种花称为离瓣花,如:十字形花冠的油菜花。 各个花瓣彼此相连愈合或只有基部连接合生在一起的花冠,称为合瓣花冠;这种花称为合瓣花,如:牵牛花。合瓣花全部或下部连合的部分称为花冠筒(corolla tube);而合瓣花上部分离的部分,称为花冠裂片(corolla lobe)。

花冠依照其形狀可分為輪狀(Rotate)、壺狀(Urceolate) 、鐘狀(Campanulate;桔梗属等) 、筒狀(Tubular) 、盆狀(Salverform) 、漏斗狀(Funnelform) 、舌狀(Ligulate;菊科等) 、蝶狀(Papilionaceus;豆科等) 、唇形(Labiate;唇形科等)等。

形态构造

[编辑]
  1. ^ Mao, Yun‐Yun; Huang, Shuang‐Quan. Pollen resistance to water in 80 angiosperm species: flower structures protect rain‐susceptible pollen. New Phytologist. 2009-08, 183 (3): 892–899. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02925.x. 
  2. ^ Huang, Shuang‐Quan; Takahashi, Yoshitaka; Dafni, Amots. Why does the flower stalk of Pulsatilla cernua (Ranunculaceae) bend during anthesis?. American Journal of Botany. 2002-10, 89 (10): 1599–1603. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.10.1599. 
  3. ^ Sun, Ji‐Fan; Gong, Yan‐Bing; Renner, Susanne S.; Huang, Shuang‐Quan. Multifunctional Bracts in the Dove Tree Davidia involucrata (Nyssaceae: Cornales): Rain Protection and Pollinator Attraction. The American Naturalist. 2008-01, 171 (1): 119–124. doi:10.1086/523953. 
  4. ^ Flint, Stephan D.; Caldwell, Martyn M. INFLUENCE OF FLORAL OPTICAL PROPERTIES ON THE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ENVIRONMENT OF POLLEN. American Journal of Botany. 1983-10, 70 (9): 1416–1419. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1983.tb07931.x. 
  5. ^ Zhang, Chan; Yang, Yong-Ping; Duan, Yuan-Wen. Pollen sensitivity to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) suggests floral structure evolution in alpine plants. Scientific Reports. 2014-03-31, 4 (1). doi:10.1038/srep04520. 
  6. ^ Vaknin, Yiftach; Eisikowitch, Dan; Mishal, Adina. Floral and Pollen Traits of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori Provide Reproductive Adaptations for Arid Conditions. Agronomy. 2021-05-27, 11 (6): 1090. doi:10.3390/agronomy11061090. 
  7. ^ Makowski, Hanna; Scott, Emily; Lamb, Keric; Galloway, Laura F. Compensating for the corolla? Pollen exposure is not associated with pollen-collecting hair length. Annals of Botany. 2024-12-31, 134 (6): 1027–1036. doi:10.1093/aob/mcae139.