生物聚合物

生物聚合物^[1]（英語：Biopolymer，又称为生物聚合体、生物多聚体或生物高分子）是由活的生物体产生的聚合物。因为他们是聚合物，生物聚合物包含有单体单元，相互之间以共价键相连以形成更大的结构。根据所使用的单体以及形成的生物聚合物的不同，主要有三大类主要的生物聚合物：多核苷酸是由13个或更多核苷酸单体所组成的长聚合物，多肽是氨基酸的短聚合物，而多糖通常是糖类线性链接而成的结构 ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5]。生物聚合物的其它实例包括橡胶，木栓质，黑色素和木质素。

纤维素是地球上最常见的有机化合物和生物聚合物。大约33％的所有植物物质是纤维素。棉花的纤维素含量为90％，而木材的是50％^[6]。

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参考文献

^ [1]^{[永久失效連結]}
^ Mohanty, A.K., et al., Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites (CRC Press, 2005)
^ Chandra, R., and Rustgi, R., "Biodegradable Polymers", Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 23, p. 1273 (1998)
^ Meyers, M.A., et al., "Biological Materials: Structure & Mechanical Properties", Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 53, p. 1 (2008)
^ Kumar, A., et al., "Smart Polymers: Physical Forms & Bioengineering Applications", Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 32, p.1205 (2007)
^ Klemm, D., Heublein, B., Fink, H., and Bohn, A., "Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer / Sustainable Raw Material", Ang. Chemie (Intl. Edn.) Vol. 44, p. 3358 (2004)

[1] [1]^{[永久失效連結]}

[2] Mohanty, A.K., et al., Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites (CRC Press, 2005)

[3] Chandra, R., and Rustgi, R., "Biodegradable Polymers", Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 23, p. 1273 (1998)

[4] Meyers, M.A., et al., "Biological Materials: Structure & Mechanical Properties", Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 53, p. 1 (2008)

[5] Kumar, A., et al., "Smart Polymers: Physical Forms & Bioengineering Applications", Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 32, p.1205 (2007)

[6] Klemm, D., Heublein, B., Fink, H., and Bohn, A., "Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer / Sustainable Raw Material", Ang. Chemie (Intl. Edn.) Vol. 44, p. 3358 (2004)

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