贝特西·罗斯

贝特西·罗斯（英語：Betsy Ross；1752年1月1日 - 1836年1月30日；娘家名：伊丽莎白·格里斯科姆；再婚名：伊丽莎白·阿什本；第三次再婚名伊丽莎白·科莱珀尔^[1]）被美国公众广泛认作美国国旗的首位制作者，但缺乏足够的档案记载以佐证这一观点。^[2]她也将旗面的六角星改为更易制成的五角星。^[3]^[4]^[5]

生平

贝特西·罗斯在1752年1月1日出生于美国宾夕法尼亚州费城，是家中的第八个孩子。^[6]她成年后从事室内装潢工作，并于1773年21岁时嫁给了约翰·罗斯，这一婚姻使她与家庭决裂，并被貴格會开除。两人遂加入了费城的基督堂，并结识了乔治·华盛顿一家。^[6]

纪念

美国公众曾认为贝特西·罗斯为乔治·华盛顿缝制了第一面美国国旗，研究指出这一观点来自于1876年美国独立一百周年时。^[7]1870年罗斯的孙子威廉·坎比向宾夕法尼亚历史学会递交了一份文件，称他的祖母亲手缝制了第一面国旗。^[8]贝特西·罗斯随后被公众认作著名的爱国者及美国妇女为国家贡献的象征之一。然而罗斯的传记作家玛拉·米勒认为，贝特西·罗斯只是费城的几个旗帜制造商之一，她的贡献仅是将旗上的六角星改为五角星。^[9]

参考资料

^ The Story of Our Flag..., 2nd Edition by Addie Guthrie Weaver, A.G.Weaver, 1898, page 73
^ Marc Leepson, "Five myths about the American flag （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", The Washington Post, June 12, 2011, p. B2.
^ Miller, 176
^ Gene Langley, "The legend and truth of Betsy Ross" The Christian Science Monitor 94.141 (6/14/2002): 22.
^ Lucinda Snyder Whitehurst, "Review of The Life and Times of Betsy Ross and The Life and Times of Nathan Hale," School Library Journal 53.7 (Jul 2007).
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Independence Hall Association. Betsy Ross: Her Life 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2014-10-13.. Accessed 11 March 2008.
^ The Star-Spangled Banner, Lonn Taylor, Kathleen M. Kendrick, and Jeffrey L Brodie. Smithsonian Books/Collins Publishing (New York:2008)
^ Buescher, John. "All Wrapped up in the Flag" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Teachinghistory.org （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, accessed August 21, 2011.
^ Miller, 176

延伸阅读

Chanko, Pamela. Easy Reader Biographies: Betsy Ross: The Story of Our Flag (Easy Reader Biographies). 2007.
Cohon, Rhody, Stacia Deutsch, and Guy Francis. Betsy Ross' Star (Blast to the Past). 2007.
Cox, Vicki. Betsy Ross: A Flag For A Brand New Nation (Leaders of the American Revolution). 2005.
Harker, John B. and Museum Images & Exhibits. Betsy Ross's Five Pointed Star. 2005.
Harkins, Susan Sales and William H. Harkins. Betsy Ross (Profiles in American History) (Profiles in American History). 2006.
Leepson,Marc. Flag: An American Biography (Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press, 2005).
Loewen, James W., Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. 1995
Mader, Jan. Betsy Ross (First Biographies). 2007.
Mara, Wil. Betsy Ross (Rookie Biographies). 2006.
Miller, Marla R. Betsy Ross and the Making of America. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC. 2010. ISBN 978-0-8050-8297-5.

外部链接

Flag: An American Biography website
Betsy Ross Homepage （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） from ushistory.org
在Find a Grave上的贝特西·罗斯

[1] The Story of Our Flag..., 2nd Edition by Addie Guthrie Weaver, A.G.Weaver, 1898, page 73

[2] Marc Leepson, "Five myths about the American flag （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", The Washington Post, June 12, 2011, p. B2.

[3] Miller, 176

[4] Gene Langley, "The legend and truth of Betsy Ross" The Christian Science Monitor 94.141 (6/14/2002): 22.

[5] Lucinda Snyder Whitehurst, "Review of The Life and Times of Betsy Ross and The Life and Times of Nathan Hale," School Library Journal 53.7 (Jul 2007).

[ushistory-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Independence Hall Association. Betsy Ross: Her Life 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2014-10-13.. Accessed 11 March 2008.

[7] The Star-Spangled Banner, Lonn Taylor, Kathleen M. Kendrick, and Jeffrey L Brodie. Smithsonian Books/Collins Publishing (New York:2008)

[8] Buescher, John. "All Wrapped up in the Flag" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Teachinghistory.org （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, accessed August 21, 2011.

[9] Miller, 176

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