女家庭教師
女家庭教师或閨塾師（Governess）是西方一类受个人雇佣以教育儿童的职业，她们不会像保姆一样为受教者的生活琐事操劳，而是为学龄儿童提供专门的教育[1]，即所谓的3R（阅读、写作和算术，英语作reading、writing、arithmetic）[2]。雇佣女家庭教师曾流行于西方上流社会中，这些家长不太倾向于将年幼的孩子送到寄宿学校读书。但在孩子的年龄足够大时，他们仍会被送往学校，或者换男性的导师来辅导。
在现代社会，这一职业已经式微，但在一些皇室或极其富有的家庭中仍存在[3][4][5]。
參見
参考文献
- ^ A Governess's Duties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Outback House (Australian Broadcasting Corporation).
- ^ McDonald, James Joseph, and J. A. C. Chandler. Life in Old Virginia; A Description of Virginia More Particularly the Tidewater Section, Narrating Many Incidents Relating to the Manners and Customs of Old Virginia so Fast Disappearing As a Result of the War between the States, Together with Many Humorous Stories. Norfold, Va: Old Virginia Pub. Co. 1907: 241.
- ^ Ellis, Phyllis. Desert Governess: An Inside View on the Saudi Arabian Royal Family. London: Eye Books. 2000. ISBN 1-903070-01-5.
- ^ Harris, Julia: A career as a Governess? What skills do you need?, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 15 October 2004.
- ^ Telegraph.co.uk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Telegraph, 15 March 2009.
扩展阅读
- Brandon, Ruth: Other People's Daughters: The Lives And Times Of The Governess. 2008
- Broughton, Trev and Ruth Symes: The Governess: An Anthology. Stroud: Sutton, 1997. ISBN 0-7509-1503-X
- Budde, Gunilla: Als Erzieherinnen in Europa unterwegs: Gouvernanten, governesses und gouvernantes, EGO – European History Online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Mainz: Institute of European History （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 2011, retrieved: 21 February 2013.
- Hughes, Kathryn: The Victorian Governess, London: Hambledon, 1993. ISBN 1-85285-002-7
- Peterson, M. Jeanne: "The Victorian Governess: Status Incongruence in Family and Society", in Suffer and Be Still: Women In the Victorian Age, ed. Martha Vicinus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972.
外部連接
- The Victorian Governess, a bibliography, at Victorian Web （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- VAM.ac.uk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Richard Redgrave's 'The Governess' discussed at the V&A Museum.
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