達爾文獎章
達爾文獎章（Darwin Medal）是英國皇家學會每兩年頒發一次的獎項，表揚“查爾斯·達爾文對於生物學領域公認貢獻，特別是進化、種群生物學、生物生物學和生物多樣性方面”。該獎項於1890年首次頒發，旨在紀念查爾斯·達爾文，得主可獲得2,000英鎊獎金（截至2016年）[1]。
達爾文獎章與大多數皇家學會頒發獎章一樣，開放英聯邦或愛爾蘭候選人。
歷屆得主
| 年度 | 得主 | 得奖原因 |
|---|---|---|
| 1890年 | 阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士 | 'For his independent origination of the theory of the origin of species by natural selection.' |
| 1892年 | 约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克 | 'On account of his important contributions to the progress of systematic botany, as evidenced by the "Genera Plantarum" and the "Flora Indica"; but more especially on account of his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in the studies preliminary to the "Origin of Species".' |
| 1894年 | 托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎 | 'For his researches in comparative anatomy, and especially for his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in relation to the "Origin of Species".' |
| 1898年 | 卡尔·皮尔逊 | 'For his work on the quantitative treatment of biological problems.' |
| 1900年 | 恩斯特·海克尔 | 'For his long-continued and highly important work in zoology all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism.' |
| 1902年 | 法蘭西斯·高爾頓 | 'For his numerous contributions to the exact study of heredity & variation contained in "Hereditary Genius", "Natural Inheritance", and other writings.' |
| 1904年 | 威廉·贝特森 | 'For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and heredity.' |
| 1906年 | 许霍·德弗里斯 | 'On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity & Variation.' |
| 1908年 | 奥古斯特·魏斯曼 | 'On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection.' |
| 1914年 | 爱德华·巴格诺尔·波尔顿 | 'On the ground of his researches in heredity.' |
| 1924年 | 托马斯·亨特·摩尔根 | 'For his valuable work in zoology and more especially his researches on heredity and cytology.' |
| 1932年 | 卡尔·科伦斯 | 'As one of the three independent discoverers of Mendels publications; and for his distinguished researches in genetics.' |
| 1946年 | 达西·汤普森 | 'In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development of biology.' |
| 1948年 | 羅納德·愛爾默·費雪 | 'In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of natural selection, the concept of its gene complex and the evolution of dominance.' |
| 1952年 | 约翰·伯顿·桑德森·霍尔丹 | 'In recognition of his initiation of the modern phase of the study of the evolution of living populations.' |
| 1956年 | 朱利安·赫胥黎 | 'In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the study and theory of evolution.' |
| 1962年 | 喬治·蓋洛德·辛普森 | 'In recognition of his distinguished contributions to general evolutionary theory, based on a profound study of palaeontology, particularly of vertebrates.' |
| 1966年 | 哈罗德·M·福克斯 | 'In recognition of his distinguished and extensive contributions in the field of invertebrate zoology and to our understanding of general biological phenomena.' |
| 1970年 | 查尔斯·艾尔顿 | 'In recognition of the basic concepts he has contributed to the study of animal ecology which, with his foundation of the Bureau of Animal Population, have had international impact.' |
| 1972年 | 戴维·赖克 | 'In recognition of his distinguished and numerous contributions to ornithology and to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms.' |
| 1980年 | 休厄尔·赖特 | 'In recognition of his outstanding contributions to genetics and evolutionary theory.' |
| 1984年 | 恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔 | 'In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology.' |
| 1986年 | 约翰·梅纳德·史密斯 | 'In recognition of his outstanding success in combining mathematics with biology to enhance our understanding of evolution, in particular the evolution of sex.' |
| 1988年 | 威廉·唐納·漢彌爾頓 | 'In recognition of his distinguished work on evolutionary theory. His contributions include the theory of kin selection to account for altruistic behaviour and the theoretical demonstration of a link between disease resistance and the evolution of sex.' |
| 1992年 | 木村資生 | 'Distinguished for his work on molecular evolution, in particular on the role of stochastic events in determining the rate of evolution.' |
| 1994年 | 彼得·劳伦斯 | 'In recognition of his analysis of pattern formation during insect segmentation, and of his contribution to understanding how genetic processes specify spatial information.' |
| 1996年 | 约翰·苏尔斯顿 | 'In recognition of his leadership in the study of genome analysis with the potential to have a profound impact on the whole of biology.' |
| 2006年 | 尼克·巴頓 | 'for his major and extensive contributions to evolutionary biology, characterised by the application of sophisticated mathematical analysis but focussed on developing biological understanding rather than mathematical niceties.' |
參考資料
- ^ Darwin Medal. The Royal Society. [2016-06-16].
- Award winners : Darwin Medal. The Royal Society. [2016-07-21].