情绪性用词变化
修辞学中的情感用词变化（英語：Emotive conjugation），是一种不规则动词的变位，目的是粉饰人类的癖好，把自己同样的行为描述得比别人更好。[1]1948年哲学家伯特兰·罗素首次在BBC广播节目The Brains Trust中提出了此概念[2]，因此也称作罗素用词变化。罗素在节目中举了这些例子[3]：
I am firm, You are obstinate, He is a pig-headed fool.
I am righteously indignant, you are annoyed, he is making a fuss over nothing.
I have reconsidered the matter, you have changed your mind, he has gone back on his word.
可以像扣帽子的情感用词变化[3]，通过含糊一个争论的謬論错误支持某观点。这种用词结构也是一种幽默[4]，英國廣播公司電視情景喜剧《是，首相》中的伯纳德·伍利这样说：[5][6]
It's one of those irregular verbs, isn't it?
I have an independent mind, You are eccentric, He is round the twist.[6]
That's another of those irregular verbs, isn't it?
I give confidential press briefings; you leak; he's being charged under section 2A of the Official Secrets Act.[7]
参考
- ^ Ralph Henry Johnson, J. Anthony Blair. Logical self-defense. 2006: 160 "The Freeloading Term". ISBN 978-1-932716-18-4.
- ^ Robert Audi (编). Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy 2nd. Cambridge University Press. 1999: 223. ISBN 978-0-521-63136-5.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Douglas N. Walton. Fundamentals of critical argumentation. Cambridge University Press. 2006: 220. ISBN 978-0-521-82319-7.
- ^ Antony J. Chapman, Hugh C. Foot. Humor and laughter: theory, research, and applications. 1996: 86. ISBN 978-1-56000-837-8.
- ^ Jonathan Lynn, Antony Jay. The Complete Yes Minister. BBC Books. 1984. ISBN 0-563-20665-9.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Yes, Prime Minister: The Bishop's Gambit 引用错误：带有name属性“Yes Prime Minister”的
<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次 - ^ Yes, Prime Minister: Man Overboard