法醫昆蟲學

法醫昆蟲學（Forensic entomology），為應用昆蟲及其他自然科學的理論與技術，研究並解決司法實踐中有關昆蟲問題的一門科學。

在自然界中，昆蟲不僅取食動物的屍體，還在其屍體中活動，促使大量微生物進入屍體，使之加速崩潰。為法醫昆蟲學一切工作的基礎。

歷史

由宋朝法醫學家宋慈在淳祐七年（1247年）成書的法醫學案例著作《洗冤集錄》含括了已知最古老的法醫昆蟲學案件。該謀殺案於端平二年（1235年）發生，一名村民被人用刀刺死。仵作們認為死者的創傷是由鐮刀造成的，而鐮刀是種在收穫季節用於割稻的工具，這一事實使他們懷疑同伴農工涉有重嫌。地方縣令將村民都聚集在衙門廣場，以便暫時收繳鐮刀。幾分鐘內，一大群蒼蠅循著人類無法識別的血跡氣味而來，圍著一把鐮刀，對其他的不屑一顧。很顯然地，該鐮刀的所有者便是罪魁禍首，後來該農工被捕快拿下後請求寬恕。

參考文獻

• 《法醫昆蟲學》，胡萃著，重慶出版社出版，2000年
• Haskell, Neal H. (2006). "The Science of Forensic Entomology," in Forensic Science and Law: Investigative Applications in Criminal, Civil, and Family Justice, 431–440. Edited by Cyril H. Wecht and John T. Rago. Boca Raton: CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor and Francis Group. ISBN 0849319706.

延伸閱讀

• Bass, William; Jon Jefferson. Death's Acre: Inside the Legendary Forensic Lab The Body Farm. Penguin. 2004. ISBN 978-0-425-19832-2. 
• Byrd, J. H.; J. L. Castner. Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 2001. ISBN 0-8493-8120-7. 
• Catts, E. P. & N. H. Haskell (编). Entomology & Death: A Procedural Guide. Clemson, SC: Joyce's Print Shop, Inc. 1990. ISBN 0-9628696-0-0.  Spiralbound also aimed at professional entomologists, but shorter and with a popular style.
• Catts, E. P.; M. L. Goff. Forensic entomology in criminal investigations. Annual Review of Entomology. 1992, 37: 253–272. PMID 1539937. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192.001345. 
• Eisner, Thomas, Maria Eisner & Melody Siegler. Secret Weapons. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-674-01882-2. 
• Gennard, Dorothy E., 2007 Forensic entomology : an introduction ISBN 978-0-470-01478-3 [1] assumes no prior knowledge
• Goff, M. L. A Fly for the Prosecution: How Insect Evidence Helps Solve Crimes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2000. ISBN 0-674-00220-2. 
• Greenberg, B.; J. C. Kunich. Entomology and the Law: Flies as Forensic Indicators. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 2002. ISBN 0-521-80915-0. 
• Jakubec, P. Thermal summation model and instar determination of all developmental stages of necrophagous beetle, Sciodrepoides watsoni (Spence) (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae). PeerJ. 2015. doi:10.7717/peerj.1944. 
• Leclerque, M. Entomologie médicale et Médecine légale Datation de la Mort. Paris: Masson. 1978. 
• Liu, D.; B. Greenberg. Immature stages of some flies of forensic importance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 1989, 82 (1): 80–93. 
• Nuorteva, P. Sarcosaprophagous insects as forensic indicators. C. G. Tedeschi; W. G. Eckert; L. G. Tedeschi (编). Forensic Medicine: a Study in Trauma and Environmental Hazards II. New York: W. B. Saunders. 1977: 1072–1095. 
• Smith, K. G. V. A Manual of Forensic Entomology. Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press. 1986. ISBN 0-8014-1927-1.  A technical hardback designed for professional entomologists.
• Wells, J. D.; J. R. Stevens. Application of DNA-based methods in forensic entomology (PDF). Annual Review of Entomology. 2008, 53: 103–120. PMID 17685848. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091423. 

外部連結

• 开放式目录计划中和Forensic Entomology相关的内容
• www.forensic-entomology.com by Dr. Jason H. Byrd
• European Association for Forensic Entomology homepage
• Collection of original articles about Forensic Entomology. Many downloadable illustrated pdf's of cases, including neglect cases.
• Institute of Forensic Entomology Vienna Click on the pictures for enlargements and graphs
• What happens to the body after death
• Pastoral putrefaction down on the Body Farm: Autopsy, HBO Documentaries
• Dating Death Great Moments of Science
• DNA techniques for forensic entomology
• pdf about forensic entomology Deon Canyon
• Forensic Entomology page from Australia (Ian Dadour)
• Visible Proofs
• Medical Zoology Pages
• Survey on carrion-visiting beetles – Research into the fauna of carrion-visiting beetles in Erlangen, Bavaria (2006): Carrion is an ecosystem of its own. Diverse species of beetles – belonging to different guilds – arrive and depart from carrion at different times – succession occurs. The arrival time and growth rates of beetles inhabiting corpses depending on weather, location and type of carrion have been studied.
• History of Forensic Entomology (many illustrations)
• Diagnosis and Keys to South American Coleoptera of Forensic Importance
• Forensic entomology - use of insects to help solve crime
• A Forensic Entomology Case from the Amazon Rain Forest of Brazil
• Run models and calculate degree-days
• Growing Degree Days
• Grounds Maintenance magazine
• Medical History Annick Opinel 2008, The Emergence of French Medical Entomology: The Influence of Universities, the Institut Pasteur and Military Physicians (1890–c.1938) Med Hist. 2008 July; 52(3): 387–405.

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