来源 |
自己的作品. Sources used in creating this map:
- Argentina: Article 3.8 of Law 14.346 on the Ill-Treatment and Acts of Cruelty to Animals of 1954 explicitly prohibits 'carrying out public or private acts of animal fights, fights of bulls and heifers, or parodies [thereof], in which animals are killed, wounded or harassed.' Ley 14346 - Malos Tratos y Actos de Crueldad a los Animales (in es). National University of the Littoral (27 November 1954). Retrieved on 4 June 2020.
- Bolivia: Bulls are not killed nor injured with any sticks. The goal of Bolivian toreros is to provoke the bull with taunts without getting harmed themselves. (31 July 2015). "Bullfighting show is popular in El Alto, Bolivia but quite different to those in Spain". YouTube. Associated Press Archive. Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
- Brazil: Lane Azevedo Clayton (2011). Overview of Brazil's Legal Structure for Animal Issues. Animal Legal & Historical Center. Michigan State University College of Law. Retrieved on 4 June 2020.
Lei nº 9.605 de 12 de Fevereiro de 1998 (in pt). www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved on 4 June 2020.
- Canada: Portuguese-style bullfighting without bull killing in the ring legally introduced in southern Ontario in 1989. (10 June 2019). "When Portuguese bullfighting came to Ontario 30 years ago". CBC News. Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
Chris Helgren (17 August 2015). "Bullfighting in Brampton, Ont., results in just a few scrapes and bruises for man and bull". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
- Chile: Chile banned bullfighting shortly after gaining independence in 1818. It differs from the Chilean rodeo (which involves horseriders in an oval arena (medialuna) blocking a female cow against the wall without killing it), which is still legal. Law no. 20.380 on Animal Protection of 25 August 2009 explicitly exempts various forms of 'animal sports' in Article 16: 'The norms of this law will not apply to sports in which animals participate, such as rodeo, cowfights, movement to the rein and equestrian sports, which will be governed by their respective regulations.' (4 April 2016). "Over 85,000 people sign petition to end bullfighting in northwest Mexico". Agencia EFE. Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
Ley Núm. 20.380 Sobre Protección de Animales (in es). LeyChile.cl (3 October 2009). Retrieved on 5 June 2020.
- China, Peru, Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia: bullfighting legal, killing bulls in the ring legal. United States: only 'bloodless' bullfighting allowed, killing bulls in the ring illegal. (Information on France outdated) Cusack, Carmen M. (2017年) 《 Animals and Criminal Justice》、Abigdon/New York: Routledge、第35–36頁 Retrieved on 5 June 2020. ISBN: 9781351531702.
- Costa Rica: Killing bulls is illegal, bloodless bullfights take place between 5 December and 5 January 2020. Reglamento Actividades Taurinas, No. 19183-GS (15 July 1968). Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved on 23 August 2015.
(12 November 2019). "Costa Rica prepares for 50th anniversary of Fiestas de Zapote". The Tico Times. Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
- Cuba: banned in 1899. Plácido González Hermoso (26 January 2013). Cuatro siglos de historia taurina en Cuba (in es). Taurologia.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
- Dominican Republic: Bloodless bullfights are held in El Seibo Province. Amaury Mo (27 April 2014). "Corridas de Toros en El Seibo del 1 al 10 de Mayo durante sus fiestas Patronales". iDominicas.com. Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
- France: In 1951, §7 of Article 521-1 of the French penal code banned bullfighting across the country with the exception of areas with an 'unbroken local tradition' including Nîmes, Béziers, Arles, Alès, Bayonne, Carcassonne, and Fréjus, amongst others. In 2011, the Ministry of Culture briefly added bullfighting to the list of national 'intangible heritage'; the Administrative Appeals Court of Paris ruled in 2015 that it had been definitively removed from the list of intangible heritage. In a separate case, the Constitutional Court ruled in 2012 that bullfighting did not violate the French Constitution.
Article 521-1 of the French penal code Marijn Kruk (10 May 2008). "Stierenvechten stuit op toenemend Frans verzet". Trouw. Retrieved on 6 June 2020. Ben McPartland (5 June 2015). "France cuts bullfighting from cultural heritage list". The Local France. Retrieved on 6 June 2020. (21 September 2012). "Stierenvechten mag van de Franse grondwet". Algemeen Dagblad. Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
- Honduras: Under Article 11 of 'Decree no. 115-2015 ─ Animal Protection and Welfare Act' that went into effect in 2016, dog and cat fights and duck races are prohibited, while 'bullfighting shows and cockfights are part of the National Folklore and as such allowed'. However, 'in bullfighting shows, the use of spears, swords, fire or other objects that cause pain to the animal is prohibited.' Decreto Nº 115-2015 ─ Ley de Protección y Bienestar Animal (in es). Ecolex (2016). Archived from the original on 2020-06-09. Retrieved on 9 June 2020.
- India: Jallikattu, a popular bullfighting sport in Tamil Nadu state, was banned by the Supreme Court of India in 2014, and this ban was upheld in January 2017. This triggered mass protests from jallikattu fans, pressuring the Tamil Nadu state government to pass a new law allowing it again, but it is likely that this law will be declared unconstitutional once more. Soni, Anusha (2017-01-25). "Tamil Nadu's new jallikattu law challenged in Supreme Court". India Today.
(2017-01-25). "Jallikattu challenged again in Supreme Court by animal rights body". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 2017-01-25. Retrieved on 2020-06-06.
- Mexico: banned in the states Sonora (2013), Guerrero (2014), Coahuila (2015) and Quintana Roo (2019). Raúl, Arce-Contreras. Coahuila, Mexico Bans Bullfighting. Humane Society International. Retrieved on 5 November 2015.
(28 June 2019). Expansión. Retrieved on 9 October 2019.
- Nicaragua: banned in 2010 Nicaragua también prohíbe las corridas de toros (in es). Anima Naturalis (12 December 2010). Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
- Panama: Article 7 of the 2012 Law 308 on the Protection of Animals prohibits both Spanish- and Portuguese-style bullfighting. Panamá prohíbe las corridas de toros (in es). Anima Naturalis (15 March 2012). Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
- Paraguay: Organising fights between all animals, both in public and private, is prohibited in Paraguay under Law No. 4840 on Animal Protection and Welfare, promulgated on 28 January 2013. Specifically: 'The use of animals in shows, fights, popular festivals and other activities that imply cruelty or mistreatment, that can cause death, suffering or make them the object of unnatural and unworthy treatments' is prohibited (Article 30). 'Training domestic animals to carry out provoked fights, with the goal of holding a public or private show' is considered an 'act of mistreatment'. (Article 31) 'The use of animals in shows, fights, popular festivals, and other activities that imply cruelty or mistreatment, which may cause death, suffering or make them subject to unnatural or humiliating treatment' is considered a 'very serious infraction' (Article 32), which are punishable by between 501 and 1500 minimum daily wages (jornales mínimos, Article 39), and the perpetrator may be barred from 'acquiring or possessing other animals for a period that may be up to 10 years' (Article 38). Ley Nº 4840 / de Proteccion y Bienestar Animal (in es). Leyes Paraguayas. Biblioteca y Archivo del Congreso de la Nación (30 January 2013). Retrieved on 5 June 2020.
- Peru: Cockfighting and bullfighting are exempt from Peru's animal protection laws. On 25 February 2020, the Supreme Court of Justice of Peru ruled that it could not declare the animal fighting practices unconstitutional. (26 February 2020). "Cock and bull fighting are legal, Peru's top court rules". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved on 4 June 2020.
- Portugal: Bullfighting is legal (since 1921), but killing a bull during a fight is illegal (since 1928). Attempts for a nationwide ban have failed several times (most recently in July 2018), while local bans have been declared unconstitutional and overturned (most recently in September 2018). See also: File:Concelhos de Portugal - Tauromaquia como Patrimonio Cultural.png
Dan Bilefsky (8 August 2007). "Famous Portuguese matador broke the law by killing a bull". The New York Times. Retrieved on 5 June 2020. Rodrigues, Sofia (6 July 2018). Chumbada abolição de touradas (in portuguese). Público. Retrieved on 19 October 2019. Leite Ferreira, Marta (10 September 2019). "Tribunal considera inconstitucional proibição de touradas na Póvoa de Varzim". Observador. Retrieved on 20 October 2019.
- Spain: Bullighting with killing is legal throughout the country. Various previous local and regional bans on bullfighting or killing bulls during a fight were declared unconstitutional and overturned in 2016 (Catalonia) and 2018 (Mallorca). Ana Garcia Valdivia (30 December 2019). "Will Bullfighting Survive The Next Decade In Spain?". Forbes. Retrieved on 5 June 2020.
- United States: Puerto Rico banned bullfighting in 1998. Ley Núm. 176 del 25 de julio de 1998: Prohibir las corridas de toros, crianza de toros para lidia y otras. (in es). lexjuris.com (25 July 1998). Retrieved on 6 June 2020.
- Uruguay: banned in 1912. Burford, Tim (2010年) 《 The Bradt Travel Guide Uruguay》、查爾方特聖彼德: Bradt Travel Guides、第255頁 Retrieved on 5 June 2020. ISBN: 9781841623160.
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