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約翰·史皮爾斯布里（1739年—1769年04月03日），[1]是英國地圖繪製者、雕刻師。同時也是拼圖的發明者。
John Spilsbury (1739 – 3 April 1769)[2] was a British mapmaker and engraver. He is credited as the inventor of the jigsaw puzzle.
Life
[编辑]生平
[编辑]父親湯瑪斯·史皮爾斯布里育有三子，約翰·史皮爾斯布里排行第二，兄長是雕刻師喬納森·史皮爾斯布里[3]，約翰．史皮爾斯布里曾經當過英皇喬治三世皇家繪圖員湯瑪斯·杰弗里斯的學徒。
He was the second of three sons of Thomas Spilsbury; the engraver Jonathan Spilsbury was his elder brother, and the two have sometimes been confused.[4] He served as an apprentice to Thomas Jefferys, the Royal Geographer to King George III.
約翰·史皮爾斯布里在1767年發明了第一個拼圖作為地理學教學工具：首先先將世界地圖附貼於木板上，然後再將每個國家從木板上刻取出來而成為第一個拼圖。由於嗅到商機，於是創造了8個不同主題的拼圖：世界、歐洲、亞洲、非洲、美洲、英格蘭、威爾斯、愛爾蘭及蘇格蘭地圖。
Spilsbury created the first puzzle in 1767 as an educational tool to teach geography. He affixed a world map to wood and carved each country out to create the first puzzle. Sensing a business opportunity, he created puzzles on eight themes - the World, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, England and Wales, Ireland and Scotland.
1761年，約翰·史皮爾斯布里與薩福克郡紐馬基特的莎拉·梅結婚。在約翰·史皮爾斯布里過逝後，莎拉·梅接手經營一陣子約翰·史皮爾斯布里遺留的事業；而後，莎拉·梅與曾是約翰·史皮爾斯布里學徒的哈利·阿什比結婚，哈利·阿什比仍繼續販售拼圖。[3]
Spilsbury married Sarah May of Newmarket, Suffolk in 1761. After his death she ran his business for a period, then marrying Harry Ashby who had been apprentice to Spilsbury, and who continued to sell puzzles.[3]
Sources
[编辑]外部連結
[编辑]- John Spilsbury at the National Portrait Gallery
- Jigsaw puzzle history
- Jigsaw puzzle, 1766
Notes
[编辑]參考
[编辑]- ^ Hannas, Linda. The English jigsaw puzzle, 1760-1890. Wayland, 1972, p. 20 (preview，第20頁，載於Google圖書)
- ^ Hannas, Linda. The English jigsaw puzzle, 1760-1890. Wayland, 1972, p. 20 (preview，第20頁，載於Google圖書)
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sloman, Susan. Spilsbury, Jonathan. 《牛津国家人物传记大辞典》 線上版. 牛津大學出版社. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26154. 需要订阅或英国公共图书馆会员资格
- ^ Sloman, Susan. Spilsbury, Jonathan. 《牛津国家人物传记大辞典》 線上版. 牛津大學出版社. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26154. 需要订阅或英国公共图书馆会员资格