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20世紀次文化的歷史（form en:History of subcultures in the 20th century）

20世紀是一個社會多元化以及個人至上的時代。支配了前半個世紀的世界大戰和革命為大多數的人帶來可怕的心理壓力。比如說，戰爭的徵兵讓大量的人穿上制服，這代表了他們選擇服裝和髮型的個人自由是被剝奪的。另外，戰爭也威脅到了生命，有可能讓人面臨失去朋友或者所愛之人。因此，20世紀出現了一群人，瘋狂於將個人生命（在它被奪走之前）活到極致和表現自我。

次文化與戰爭之間似乎有一種張力關係存在。一個社會將它年經、健康和強壯的成員送到戰場上去殺死另外一個社會年輕、健康和強壯的成員，這造成了一種社會的心理創傷，而次文化似乎就是透過這種心理創傷被刺激起來的。次文化與難民或移民者之間似乎也有一種清楚的關係，因為戰爭造成了難民，

There seems to be a dynamic relationship between subculture and warfare. Society sends its young, healthy and strong to kill the young, healthy and strong of another society and subculture seems to be provoked through the social trauma which results. There also is a clear relationship between subculture and refugee or immigrant status. Since there is clearly a link between warfare and the creation of refugees and forced exiles a sociological pattern is discernable.

Richard Collier's 1984 book The Rainbow People describes a subculture of transatlantic-based wealthy hedonists. He says, "The era of the Rainbow People opened with the coronation of a prince called 'Tum-Tum' as Britain's Edward VII in 1902 and closed in 1975 with the death of Aristotle Onassis, dubbed 'Daddy-O' by Women's Wear Daily."

Wealth and class can be considered a subculture although the term is more usually associated with fashion or with resistance against social repressions. Other subcultures are connected with sexual orientation, religion and ethnicity. Travelling people such as the Roma tend to be universally a subculture.