石油圈闭
外观
石油圈闭(英语:petroleum traps),或称为油封闭[1],是具备捕获分散烃类形成油气聚集的地层空间,由储集层、盖层、阻止油气继续运移的遮挡物组成,一旦有足够数量的油气进入圈闭便可形成油气藏。圈闭有两种类型:地层圈闭或构造圈闭。构造圈闭是最重要的圈闭类型[2]。
种类
[编辑]构造圈闭
[编辑]是一种由构造、底辟、重力和压实过程导致的地下构造 [3][4]。
- 断层圈闭:是由可渗透和不可渗透的岩石层隔着断层面错开形成的。断层可使具渗透性的储层岩与不可渗透的岩石隔断层面相邻,从而阻止了碳氢化合物的进一步迁移。若沿着断层表面,断层面因摩擦而产生有一层不透水物质(例如粘土),也能阻止碳氢化合物的迁移。 这被称为粘土涂片(英语:clay smear)[6]。
地层圈闭
[编辑]是因为倾斜储层的尖灭而造成的圈闭。通常与不整合面相连[7]。
混合圈闭
[编辑]是多种类型圈闭的组合[9]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 油封閉. [2022-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-30).
- ^ Allen P.A. & Allen J.R. (1990) Basin Analysis. pp 373. Publ. Blackwell Publishing ^"Petroleum Research Institution"
- ^ Gluyas, J. & Swarbrick, R. (2004) Petroleum Geoscience. Publ. Blackwell Publishing
- ^ James D. Lowell(1979) Structural Styles, Their Plate-Tectonic Habitats, and Hydrocarbon Traps in Petroleum Provinces。AAPG Bulletin 63 (7): 1016–1058. https://doi.org/10.1306/2F9184B4-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D
- ^ Sheriff, R. E., Geldart, L. P. (1995). Exploration Seismology (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 351. ISBN 0-521-46826-4
- ^ Derrell A. Smith Theoretical Considerations of Sealing and Non-Sealing Faults AAPG Bulletin (1966) 50 (2): 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1306/5D25B48F-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D
- ^ B. E. Law and J. B. Curtis Introduction to Unconventional Petroleum Systems, AAPG Bulletin (2002) 86 (11): 1851–1852. https://doi.org/10.1306/61EEDDA0-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D
- ^ Martin P. A. Jackson, William E. Galloway (1984)Petroleum Traps And Associated Facies Of Salt Domes, in Structural and Depositional Styles of Gulf Coast Tertiary Continental Margins: Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Special Volumes A159
- ^ C. D. Norman(2012) Assessing combination traps: using risk to define uncertainty First Break, Volume 30, Issue 3, Mar.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3997/1365-2397.2011043