圆规座X-1

圆规座X-1（Circinus X-1）是一个包含一颗中子星的X射线联星系统。2007年7月对圆规座X-1的观测中发现了黑洞联星系统常见的X射线喷流。它是此类X射线联星中第一个发现有类似黑洞特征的系统。而圆规座X-1可能是已观测的X射线联星中最年轻的其中一个。

发现

1969年6月14日，天文学家在巴西北里约格朗德州的纳塔尔发射空蜂150火箭（英语：Aerobee）观测矩尺座－豺狼座－圆规座天区的X射线源时，在圆规座内发现了一个相当独立的，位于银道座标ℓ = 321.4±0.9°, b = -0.5±2°或赤道座标 RA 15^h 14^m Dec -57° 49′的X射线源，命名为 Circinus XR-1（Cir XR-1）^[1]。圆规座X-1与地球的距离并无一个精准的值，最近的估计值为13,400 光年^[2]，最远则为26,000 光年^[3]。

2015年6月23日，NASA 钱德拉X射线天文台的网站上发表的文章指出，多国天文学家组成的团队成功以圆规座X-1的X射线波段进行三角测量，成功量测出更精确的与地球之间距离；根据X射线通过星际物质的回光，圆规座X-1与地球的距离为30,700光年^[4] 。

X射线源与相关的超新星遗迹年龄

路易·卡武任斯基（Louis Kaluzienski）等人在圆规座X-1内发现了周期16.6日的X射线光变周期^[5]。该X射线源被认为是来自低质量X射线联星（LXMB）的中子星，属于I 型X射线爆发源^[6]。圆规座X-1的X射线源与周围的无线电波星云与一个年轻的超新星遗迹有著一致的特性。显然，X射线联星与超新星残骸相关联的罕见状况让天文学家得知该超新星残骸在宇宙尺度中是非常年轻，年龄可能在4600年以内^[7]。圆规座X-1周围另有一个超新星残骸G321.9-0.3，但现已确认两者之间并无关联^[6]。

钱德拉X射线天文台拍摄的中子星发射的圆规座X-1的X射线影像，公布于2015年6月24日。

其他电磁波段

天文学家已经知道圆规座X-1联星的性质^[8]。并且圆规座X-1的无线电波部分与可能的可见光对应部分已由Whelan等人建立^[9]。而 Glass 则找到了红外线的对应影像定位与周期16.6日的爆发^[10]。安德烈亚·莫内蒂（Andrea Moneti）则找到了圆规座X-1严重红化的精确可见光对应区域（今日知道是圆规座BR）^[11]。

参考资料

^ Margon B; Lampton M; Bowyer S; Cruddace R. A Pulsing X-Ray Source in Circinus. Ap J. Oct 1971, 169 (10): L23–5. Bibcode:1971ApJ...169L..23M. doi:10.1086/180806.
^ R. Iaria; M. Spano; T. DiSalvo; N.R. Robba; et al. On The Soft Excess In The X-Ray Spectrum Of Circinus X-1: Revisitation Of The Distance To Circinus X-1 (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. January 2005, 619 (1): 503–516 [5 December 2013]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...619..503I. arXiv:astro-ph/0410259 . doi:10.1086/426422.
^ Circinus X-1: Neutron Stars Join The Black Hole Jet Set. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. [5 December 2013]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-27）.
^ NASA’s Chandra Captures X-Ray Echoes Pinpointing Distant Neutron Star. [2015-06-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-08）.
^ Kaluzienski, L. J.; Holt, S. S.; Boldt, E. A.; Serlemitsos, P. J. Evidence for a 16.6 day period from Circinus X-1. Astrophysical Journal. 1976, 208: L71–L75. Bibcode:1976ApJ...208L..71K. doi:10.1086/182235.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Mignani RP; De Luca A; Caraveo PA; Mirabel IF. HST observations rule out the association between Cir X-1 and SNR G321.9-0.3. Astron Astrophys. 2002, 386 (2): 487–91 [2015-09-16]. Bibcode:2002A&A...386..487M. arXiv:astro-ph/0202268 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020224. （原始内容存档于2017-09-23）.
^ S. Heinz; P. Sell; R.P. Fender; P.G. Jonker; et al. The Youngest Known X-ray Binary: Circinus X-1 and its Natal Supernova Remnant (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. December 2013, 779 (2): 171 [5 December 2013]. Bibcode:2013ApJ...779..171H. arXiv:1312.0632 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/171. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-06-16）.
^ Jones C; Tananbaum H; Giacconi R. UHURU Observations of the Binary Nature of Circinus X-1. 141st Meeting Amer Astron Soc (Tucson, Arizona). 1973. Bibcode:1973BAAS....5..395J.
^ Whelan, J. A. J.; Mayo, S. K.; Wickramasinghe, D. T.; Murdin, P. G.; et al. The optical and radio counterpart of Circinus X-1 /3U 1516-56/. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1977, 161: 259–271. Bibcode:1977MNRAS.181..259W.
^ Glass, I.S. Variations of Circinus X-1 in the infrared. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1978, 183: 335–340. Bibcode:1978MNRAS.183..335G.
^ Moneti, A. Optical and infrared observations of Circinus X-1. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1992, 260: L7–L10. Bibcode:1992A&A...260L...7M.

外部链接

Circinus X-1: Neutron Stars Join the Black Hole Set. Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Harvard University / National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007 [8 January 2009]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-27）.

[Margon-1] Margon B; Lampton M; Bowyer S; Cruddace R. A Pulsing X-Ray Source in Circinus. Ap J. Oct 1971, 169 (10): L23–5. Bibcode:1971ApJ...169L..23M. doi:10.1086/180806.

[2] R. Iaria; M. Spano; T. DiSalvo; N.R. Robba; et al. On The Soft Excess In The X-Ray Spectrum Of Circinus X-1: Revisitation Of The Distance To Circinus X-1 (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. January 2005, 619 (1): 503–516 [5 December 2013]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...619..503I. arXiv:astro-ph/0410259 . doi:10.1086/426422.

[3] Circinus X-1: Neutron Stars Join The Black Hole Jet Set. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. [5 December 2013]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-27）.

[4] NASA’s Chandra Captures X-Ray Echoes Pinpointing Distant Neutron Star. [2015-06-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-08）.

[5] Kaluzienski, L. J.; Holt, S. S.; Boldt, E. A.; Serlemitsos, P. J. Evidence for a 16.6 day period from Circinus X-1. Astrophysical Journal. 1976, 208: L71–L75. Bibcode:1976ApJ...208L..71K. doi:10.1086/182235.

[Mignani-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Mignani RP; De Luca A; Caraveo PA; Mirabel IF. HST observations rule out the association between Cir X-1 and SNR G321.9-0.3. Astron Astrophys. 2002, 386 (2): 487–91 [2015-09-16]. Bibcode:2002A&A...386..487M. arXiv:astro-ph/0202268 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020224. （原始内容存档于2017-09-23）.

[7] S. Heinz; P. Sell; R.P. Fender; P.G. Jonker; et al. The Youngest Known X-ray Binary: Circinus X-1 and its Natal Supernova Remnant (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. December 2013, 779 (2): 171 [5 December 2013]. Bibcode:2013ApJ...779..171H. arXiv:1312.0632 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/171. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-06-16）.

[Jones-8] Jones C; Tananbaum H; Giacconi R. UHURU Observations of the Binary Nature of Circinus X-1. 141st Meeting Amer Astron Soc (Tucson, Arizona). 1973. Bibcode:1973BAAS....5..395J.

[9] Whelan, J. A. J.; Mayo, S. K.; Wickramasinghe, D. T.; Murdin, P. G.; et al. The optical and radio counterpart of Circinus X-1 /3U 1516-56/. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1977, 161: 259–271. Bibcode:1977MNRAS.181..259W.

[10] Glass, I.S. Variations of Circinus X-1 in the infrared. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1978, 183: 335–340. Bibcode:1978MNRAS.183..335G.

[11] Moneti, A. Optical and infrared observations of Circinus X-1. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1992, 260: L7–L10. Bibcode:1992A&A...260L...7M.

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