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维也纳之围

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维基百科，自由的百科全书
此条目介绍的是1529年苏莱曼一世失败的入侵。关于1683年神圣同盟对抗鄂图曼帝国的围攻，请见“维也纳之战”。关于1945年苏联红军对维也纳的包围战，请见“维也纳攻势”。
维也纳之围
鄂图曼欧洲战争及鄂图曼-哈布斯堡战争（英语：Ottoman–Habsburg wars）的一部分

1529年维也纳之围
日期1529年9月27日－10月14日
地点
 神圣罗马帝国奥地利大公国维也纳
结果 哈布斯堡胜利
参战方
神圣罗马帝国
一些波希米亚和西班牙雇佣兵		 鄂图曼帝国
摩尔达维亚
塞尔维亚人
指挥官与领导者
萨尔姆的尼古拉
威廉·冯·洛加多夫		 苏莱曼一世
大维齐尔帕尔加勒·易卜拉欣帕夏
兵力
大约17,000 人[1] 大约120,000人[2]
伤亡与损失
不详，但大量农民被杀[3] 不详，但多于奥军[4]

1529年的维也纳之围（Siege of Vienna）与1683年的维也纳之战不同，是苏丹苏莱曼一世所率领的鄂图曼帝国穆斯林，第一次尝试夺取维也纳，但是失败告终。这一战是鄂图曼帝国第一次侵略中欧，此战之后的150年神圣罗马帝国和鄂图曼帝国互相争夺中欧，直至维也纳之战为止。

一些历史学家认为苏莱曼一世这次进攻中欧的主要目的是要重新确立鄂图曼帝国在匈牙利的统治，而这次进攻维也纳只是一个偶然的机会。

参见

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参考及注释

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  1. ^ Turnbull says the garrison was "over 16,000 strong". The Ottoman Empire, p 50; Keegan and Wheatcroft suggest 17,000. Who's Who in Military History, p 283; Some estimates are just above 20,000, for example: "Together with Wilhelm von Roggendorf, the Marshal of Austria, Salm conducted the defense of Vienna with 16,000 regulars and 5,000 militia." Dupuy, Trevor, et al, The Encyclopedia of Military Biography, p 653.
  2. ^ Turnbull suggests Suleiman had "perhaps 120,000" troops when he reached Osijek on 6 August. The Ottoman Empire, p 50; Christopher Duffy suggests "Suleiman led an army of 125,000 Turks". Siege Warfare: Fortresses in the Early Modern World 1494-1660, p 201. For higher estimates, see further note on Suleiman's troops.
  3. ^ Turnbull, Stephen. The Ottoman Empire 1326 - 1699. New York: Osprey, 2003.pg 51
  4. ^ Turnbull, Stephen. The Ottoman Empire 1326 - 1699. New York: Osprey, 2003. pg 51

参考书目

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  • Chirot, Daniel, The Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe, 1980, ISBN 0-52-200762-0
  • Duffy, Christopher, Siege Warfare: Fortresses in the Early Modern World 1494-1660, Routledge, 1996, 0-14-514649-6
  • Dupuy, Trevor.N., Curt Johnson, and David.L.Bongard, The Encyclopedia of Military Biography, I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd., 1992, ISBN 1-85043-569-3
  • Fisher, Sydney Nettleton, The Middle East: A History, Knopf, 1979 3rd ed, ISBN 0-394-32098-0
  • Kann, Robert Adolf, A History of the Habsburg Empire: 1526-1918, University of California Press, 1980, ISBN 0-520-04206-9
  • Keegan, John, and Andrew Wheatcroft, Who's Who in Military History: From 1453 to the Present Day, Routledge (UK), 1996, ISBN 0-415-12722-X
  • Louthan, Howard, The Quest for Compromise: Peacemakers in Counter-Reformation Vienna, 1997, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-58082-X
  • Lyber, Albert Howe, The Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent, Harvard University Press, 1913
  • Murphey, Rhoads, Ottoman Warfare 1500-1700, Rutgers University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8135-2685-X
  • Riley-Smith, Jonathan, The Oxford History of the Crusades, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-280312-3
  • Shaw, Stanford Jay, and Ezel Kural Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Cambridge University Press, 1977, ISBN 0-521-29163-1
  • Sicker, Martin, The Islamic World in Decline: from the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, Praeger/Greenwood, 2000, ISBN 0-275-96891-X
  • Spielman, John Philip, The City and the Crown: Vienna and the Imperial Court, Purdue University Press, 1993, ISBN 1-55753-021-1
  • Toynbee, Arnold, A Study of History, Oxford University Press, 1987 edition, ISBN 0-19-505080-0
  • Turnbull, Stephen, The Ottoman Empire: 1326-1699, Osprey Publishing, 2003, ISBN 1-84176-569-4
  • Tracy, James. D., Europe's Reformations: 1450-1650, Rowman and Littlefield, 2006, ISBN 0-7425-3789-7
  • Walton, Mark.W., George.F.Nafziger, and Laurent.W.Mbanda, Islam at War: A History, Praeger/Greenwood, 2003, ISBN 0-275-98101-0


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