盐构造

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盐构造(英语:salt tectonics)是指岩石地层序列中有厚层岩盐导致变形。这是由于盐的密度低,不会随著埋而增加,而且强度低[1]。盐构造一般分被动和主动两种。

被动盐构造[编辑]

由重力造成。在沉积盆地内,若有早期沉积的盐层被后期的沉积物持续增厚覆盖,能导致重力不稳定,就会形成盐构造。纯岩盐密度每立方米2160公斤,而一般沉积物密度通常较低,为每立方米2000公斤,但随著加载和压实,密度增至每立方米2500公斤,大于盐的密度,造成上重下轻的重力不稳定。盐层就会延覆盖地层的构造弱点向上移动形成凸脊[2]。凸脊的盐由周围盐层提供因而形成凹陷,随著上覆地层加厚,凸脊继续增高,持续到周围盐层耗尽而形成底辟。如果原始盐层够厚,底辟的顶部能接近地表[3]

主动盐构造[编辑]

由构造活动造成。例如在伸展构造地区,断层作用会降低上覆地层的强度并使其变薄。导致盐层上升[4],在逆冲构造地区,上覆地层的湾曲将使盐层上升到背斜的核心[5].

参考文献[编辑]

  1. ^ Roberts, D.G. and Bally, A.W (editors) (2012). Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Passive Margins, Cratonic Basins and Global Tectonic Maps – Volume 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-444-56357-6. [
  2. ^ McGeary. D and C. C. Plummer (1994) Physical Geology: Earth revealed, Wm . C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, p.475-476 ISBN 0-697-12687-0 [2]
  3. ^ Vendeville, B. C. and M. P. A. Jackson (1992b). The rise of diapirs during thin-skinned extension. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 9: 331-353
  4. ^ Stewart, S. A., 2007, Salt tectonics in the North Sea Basin: a structural style template for seismic interpreters, Special Publication of the Geological Society, London, 272, 361-396
  5. ^ Millán-Garrido, H. (2004). "Geometry and kinematics of compressional growth structures and diapirs in the La Popa basin of northeast Mexico: Insights from sequential restoration of a regional cross section and three-dimensional analysis". Tectonics. 23 (5). doi:10.1029/2003TC001540