牙齿发育
外观
牙齿发育或称牙生成(英语:odontogenesis),是胚胎细胞发育、生长成为牙齿,最后长于口腔内的复杂过程。虽然许多物种都有牙齿构造,但它们的牙齿发育普遍和人类相同。人类牙齿必须经过良好的胚胎发育阶段,才能发展出健康的口腔环境、牙釉质、牙本质、牙骨质及牙周组织。乳齿在六至八周之间开始形成,恒齿则是第二十周时开始生长、逐渐取代乳齿[1],错过这段时间牙齿便不会发育。
注释
[编辑]- ^ Ten Cate, A. R. Oral histology: development, structure, and function. St. Louis: Mosby. 1998: 81–102. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.
参考资料
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- The American Dental Association. "Tooth Eruption Charts". [2005-12-12]
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- The American Dental Hygiene Association (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). "Table II. Effects of nutrient deficiencies on tooth development" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). [2005-12-10]
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- Cate, A.R. Ten. Oral Histology: development, structure, and function. 5th ed. 1998. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.
- Caceci, Thomas. Veterinary Histology with subtitle "Digestive System: Oral Cavity". [2005-12-15]
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- Harris, Edward F. Craniofacial Growth and Development. In the section entitled "Tooth Eruption." 2002.
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- University of Southern California School of Dentistry (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). "The Bell Stage: Image 30" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). [2005-12-11]
- University of Texas Medical Branch. "Lab Exercises: Tooth development." Page found here.
- Williams, Michael E. "Jaws: The early years" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). 1992. [2006-01-07]
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- The international Journal of Developmental Biology. Odontogenesis Vol.39, N° 1 (1995) [1]
外部链接
[编辑]- 生物人类学与古代人DNA (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 发育中牙齿的不同基因资料库 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 兽医组织学,Dr. Thomas Caceci