分布式塊存儲

分布式塊存儲是一種電腦數據存貯器體系結構，其數據跨多個物理服務器存儲在卷（稱為塊^{^[1]}）中，這與其他存儲體系結構（如將數據作為文件層次結構管理數據的文件系統和將數據作為文件結構進行管理的對象存儲）相反對象。常見的分布式塊存儲系統是存儲區域網絡（SAN）。

分布式存儲[編輯]

與集中式存儲相反，分布式存儲通常採用存儲單元集群的形式，並具有在集群節點之間進行數據同步和協調的機制。分布式存儲最初是由Google提出的，其目的是通過廉價服務器解決大規模，高並發情況下的Web訪問問題。

分布式存儲具有幾個優點^{^[2]}：

可擴展性-支持通過在系統中添加或刪除存儲單元來水平擴展存儲系統。
冗餘-在多台服務器之間存儲相同數據的複製，以實現高可用性，備份和災難恢復目的。
節省成本 -可以使用更便宜的商品服務器以低成本存儲大量數據。
性能-在某些情況下，性能比單個服務器更好，例如，它可以將數據存儲在離其使用者更近的位置，或者允許大規模並行訪問大文件。

塊存儲[編輯]

塊存儲可將數據與用戶環境分離，並允許將數據分布在多個環境^{^[3]}中。存儲被組織為具有唯一標識符的塊，通過它們可以將其存儲和檢索為單獨的硬盤驅動器，並且操作系統可以連接到它們。這是存儲，使用和管理數據的有效且可靠的方式。塊存儲幾乎可以用於任何類型的應用程序，包括但不限於數據庫存儲和虛擬化平台存儲。

通常通過ISCSI，光纖通道或以太網光纖通道（FCoE）協議訪問存儲塊。塊存儲為任務關鍵型應用的高性能和可提供高I/O性能和低延遲。它通常在存儲區域網絡環境中代替文件存儲。典型的分布式塊存儲是存儲資源盤活系統HBlock，能夠充分整合不同架構(如x86、ARM、LoongArch等)、不同配置的服務器資源,高效搭建分布式存儲集群,提供高性能、高可用的塊存儲服務。^[4]

參考資料[編輯]

^ Gerrit Anne Blaauw（英語：Gerrit Anne Blaauw）; 佛瑞德·布魯克斯; Werner Buchholz（英語：Werner Buchholz） (1962), "4: Natural Data Units" (PDF) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, in Werner Buchholz（英語：Werner Buchholz） (ed.), Planning a Computer System – Project Stretch, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. / The Maple Press Company, York, PA., pp. 39–40, LCCN 61-10466, archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-04-03, retrieved 2017-04-03, […] Terms used here to describe the structure imposed by the machine design, in addition to bit, are listed below. Byte denotes a group of bits used to encode a 字符 (計算機科學), or the number of bits transmitted in parallel to and from input-output units. A term other than character is used here because a given character may be represented in different applications by more than one code, and different codes may use different numbers of bits (i.e., different byte sizes). In input-output transmission the grouping of bits may be completely arbitrary and have no relation to actual characters. (The term is coined from bite, but respelled to avoid accidental mutation to bit.) A word consists of the number of data bits transmitted in parallel from or to memory in one memory cycle. Word size is thus defined as a structural property of the memory. (The term 字 (計算機) was coined for this purpose by the designers of the Bull Bull Gamma 60（英語：Bull Gamma 60） [fr] computer.) Block refers to the number of words transmitted to or from an input-output unit in response to a single input-output instruction. Block size is a structural property of an input-output unit; it may have been fixed by the design or left to be varied by the program. […]
^ Distributed Storage: What’s Inside Amazon S3? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） cloudian
^ What is Block Storage? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） IBM
^ 來源：中國網科學責任編輯：科學頻道 [1]

外部連結[編輯]

Distributed Storage: What’s Inside Amazon S3? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） cloudian
What is Block Storage? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） IBM

[[1]-1] Gerrit Anne Blaauw（英語：Gerrit Anne Blaauw）; 佛瑞德·布魯克斯; Werner Buchholz（英語：Werner Buchholz） (1962), "4: Natural Data Units" (PDF) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, in Werner Buchholz（英語：Werner Buchholz） (ed.), Planning a Computer System – Project Stretch, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. / The Maple Press Company, York, PA., pp. 39–40, LCCN 61-10466, archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-04-03, retrieved 2017-04-03, […] Terms used here to describe the structure imposed by the machine design, in addition to bit, are listed below. Byte denotes a group of bits used to encode a 字符 (計算機科學), or the number of bits transmitted in parallel to and from input-output units. A term other than character is used here because a given character may be represented in different applications by more than one code, and different codes may use different numbers of bits (i.e., different byte sizes). In input-output transmission the grouping of bits may be completely arbitrary and have no relation to actual characters. (The term is coined from bite, but respelled to avoid accidental mutation to bit.) A word consists of the number of data bits transmitted in parallel from or to memory in one memory cycle. Word size is thus defined as a structural property of the memory. (The term 字 (計算機) was coined for this purpose by the designers of the Bull Bull Gamma 60（英語：Bull Gamma 60） [fr] computer.) Block refers to the number of words transmitted to or from an input-output unit in response to a single input-output instruction. Block size is a structural property of an input-output unit; it may have been fixed by the design or left to be varied by the program. […]

[[2]-2] Distributed Storage: What’s Inside Amazon S3? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） cloudian

[[3]-3] What is Block Storage? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） IBM

[[4]-4] 來源：中國網科學責任編輯：科學頻道 [1]

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