彼得·拉克曼

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彼得 拉克曼

彼得·斯特吉斯·拉克曼（Peter Sturges Ruckman，1921年11月19日—2016年4月21日）是一位美國基督教牧師、作家。

拉克曼以他的立場而聞名，他認為欽定版聖經構成了「高等啟示」，並且是上帝在英語中的最終的、保存的話語。這種觀點常常被其反對者稱為「拉克曼主義」；他的追隨者則被稱為「拉克曼派」。

生平[編輯]

1944年，拉克曼以二等陸軍中尉的身份入伍美軍，並自願在日本的占領軍中服役。在那裡，拉克曼研究了禪宗佛教，並談到了"禪宗稱之為三摩地的涅槃體驗，即精神與身體的脫離"。拉克曼回到美國時"心神不寧，充滿了惡魔"。他白天做唱片騎師和廣播員，晚上在各種樂隊中打鼓。在他開始聽到聲音後[1] ，他與一位耶穌會神父會面，探討加入羅馬天主教。1949年3月14日，拉克曼與傳道者休·派爾交談後接受了耶穌基督。拉克曼就讀於鮑勃·瓊斯大學，在那裡他獲得了宗教學碩士學位和博士學位。

拉克曼結過三次婚，前兩次婚姻都以離婚告終[2] 。他的第一任妻子曾控告他實施家庭暴力[3]。離婚後，他娶了自己一個學生的前妻[4]。他的再婚引發了教會的分裂，因為很多人認為他已經不適合作牧師[5]。但後來，他又與第二任妻子離婚，之後娶了一個比自己小27歲的女子為妻[6]。關於離婚，他把責任都推給前妻，稱是她們離棄了他[7]。

信念和觀點[編輯]

拉克曼相信「唯欽定本主義」(KJV Onlyism)[8] 。他認為欽定本提供了超越原文（希臘文）的"高等啟示"，因此人們可以根據欽定本修正原文聖經；任何不基於欽定本聖經的人都是異端，不僅會失去他們的"見證"和"事工"，甚至可能失去生命[9]（p. 132） 。

拉克曼專斷地認為欽定版依據的公認文本是惟一正確的文本，大肆攻擊現代版本依據的亞歷山大文本，將那些支持後者的人稱為"亞歷山大教派"[10] 。拉克曼還寫道，七十士譯本是公元三世紀"亞歷山大教派"在教父奧利金的領導下，為了顛覆人們對聖經的信仰而製造的騙局[11]。

許多支持聖經無誤論的人，包括《芝加哥關於聖經無誤論的聲明》的簽署者，強烈反對拉克曼的立場。惟獨欽定版運動中也有人反對他，指出"他的著作如此尖酸刻薄，如此冒犯人，如此惡劣，以至於整個運動都蒙上了他的那種攻擊性和咄咄逼人的色彩"[12]。

拉克曼的出版社的網站指出，儘管有些人稱他的著作為"惡劣的"，"我們卻將它們稱為『帶有態度的真理』"[13] 。根據Beacham和Bauder的說法，"毫無疑問，拉克曼是惟獨欽定版運動中最尖酸刻薄和惡劣的人"[14] 。詹姆斯·懷特在他的書《惟獨欽定版的爭議》中說，稱拉克曼為尖酸刻薄都顯得過於溫和，稱其為狂妄和誇大其詞稍微準確一些。他的書幾乎每一頁都有連續的謾罵。然而，他的自負式自信卻吸引了許多人的追隨[15]。拉克曼自己說[16]：

神召我坐在這台打字機前，向1900年至1990年的保守派和基要派的領軍學者們傾倒醋、酸、硝酸、清潔液。（原文如此）

拉克曼曾說過，如果三K黨不反猶太人，他會加入三K黨，因為他同意"他們說的一切話"[17]。

參閱[編輯]

參考[編輯]

  1. ^ "It was at this point, on the verge of suicide, that Ruckman began to hear a series of voices. He himself interprets the voices as being the voice of God, for the most part. He thinks that he learned to distinguish the voice of God from the voice of demons through yoga." The Ruckman Conspiracy (Collingswood, NJ: The Bible for Today, 1989), 3.
  2. ^ By his own admission, Ruckman's earlier family life was turbulent: "I have had two wives desert me after fifteen years of marriage… I have been in court custody cases where seven children's futures were held in the balance; in situations where Gospel articles were being torn out of typewriters, Biblical artwork torn off the easels, women trying to throw themselves out of cars at fifty m.p.h., mailing wedding rings back in the middle of revival services, cutting their wrists, threatening to leave if I did not give my church to their kinfolk; deacons threatening to burn down my house and beat me up; children in split custody between two domiciles two hundred miles apart, and knock-down, drag-out arguments in the home sometimes running as long as three days." Peter Ruckman, The Last Grenade (Pensacola: Bible Baptist Bookstore, 1990), 339.
  3. ^ "Ruckman’s personal controversy and his views on divorced pastors"
  4. ^ "Ruckman’s personal controversy and his views on divorced pastors"
  5. ^ "Ruckman’s personal controversy and his views on divorced pastors"
  6. ^ "Ruckman’s personal controversy and his views on divorced pastors"
  7. ^ "Ruckman’s personal controversy and his views on divorced pastors"
  8. ^ David G. Burke, ed., Translation That Openeth the Window: Reflections on the History and Legacy of the King James Bible (Society of Biblical Literature, 2009), 201.
  9. ^ Heaven, hell, and the afterlife : eternity in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. J. Harold Ellens. Santa Barbara. 2013. ISBN 978-1-4408-0184-6. OCLC 862077136. 
  10. ^ The "Creed of the Alexandrian Cult".
  11. ^ Ruckman, Peter S. The Mythological Septuagint (PDF). BB Bookstore. 1996: 5,75 [2023-04-23]. ISBN 1-58026093-4. This small tractus was a very abbreviated survey of the work done by the Scholars』 Union in the Alexandrian Cult, since the days of Origen, as they attempted to rid the world, first, of the correct Old Latin and Old Syrian texts... The belief in a pre-Christian LXX is the most extreme and radical demonstration of Christian deceit and scholarly FRAUD to be found in the annals of church history. 
  12. ^ White, 109.
  13. ^ Bible Baptist Bookstore. 
  14. ^ Roy E. Beacham and Kevin T. Bauder, One Bible Only? Examining Exclusive Claims for the King James Bible (Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2001, pp. 47–48.
  15. ^ James R. White, The King James Only Controversy: Can You Trust the Modern Translations? (Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers, 1995), 109. His invective has often been ad hominem. One of Ruckman's targets was Stewart Custer, once chair of the Bible department at BJU: "By far the most shameful and shocking thing about Stewart's work is not his lying (we would expect that) and his stupidity (we take that for granted, but we will document it for the reader); the most shocking thing was the performance of Robert Sumner (The Sword of the Lord) and Bob Jones, Jr. (BJU) in actually seriously recommending" his work. Peter S. Ruckman, Custer's Last Stand (Pensacola: Bible Baptist Bookstore, 1981), iii.
  16. ^ The Bible Believer's Bulletin, December 1985. Pensacola, Florida: Bible Baptist Bookstore. (as quoted by Cloud, David (2012), "What about Ruckman?", Way of Life Literature, ISBN 1-58318-032-X. p. 15.)
  17. ^ Ruckman, Peter. Questions and Answers (YouTube video (originally VHS tape)). 22 記錄於. 1993. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-14） （英語）. I’ll tell you why I never joined the Ku Klux Klan. It’s because they’re anti-Semitic. And that’s the only reason I didn’t join. (pauses to laugh) I mean, I agree with everything else they say. 
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