普利特維采湖群衝突

普利特維采湖群衝突
	克羅埃西亞獨立戰爭的一部分
	普利特維采湖群
日期	1991年3月31日
地點	克羅埃西亞普利特維采湖群
結果	克羅埃西亞勝利
參戰方
克羅地亞	克拉伊納塞爾維亞人自治州
指揮官與領導者
Josip Lucić	Milan Martić
兵力
約 300 troops	約 100 troops
傷亡與損失
1死 (Josip Jović); 7傷	1死; 13傷; 29人被俘

普利特維采湖群衝突（克羅埃西亞語：Krvavi Uskrs na Plitvicama or Plitvički krvavi Uskrs, 意思均為「普利特維采湖群血腥復活節」）是克羅埃西亞獨立戰爭初期的一場武裝衝突。1991年3 月 31 日，克羅地亞警察與克羅地亞塞族武裝部隊在湖區交戰。戰鬥發生在塞族武裝部隊接管十六湖國家公園之後，以克羅地亞重新奪回該區告終。衝突導致雙方各有一人喪生，加劇了種族緊張局勢。

戰鬥促使南斯拉夫總統下令南斯拉夫人民軍介入並在敵對部隊之間建立緩衝區。人民軍於次日抵達現場，並向克羅地亞發出最後通牒，要求撤離。儘管佔領普利特維採湖區的特警部隊確實於4月2日撤出，但新成立的克羅地亞警察局仍保留著 90名警員。三個月後，警察局被人民軍封鎖，並於1991年8月下旬被佔領。

來源[編輯]

書籍[編輯]

Armatta, Judith. Twilight of Impunity: The War Crimes Trial of Slobodan Milosevic. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-82234746-0.
Bennett, Christopher. Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences. London, England: C. Hurst & Co. 1995. ISBN 9781850652328.
Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Russian and European Analysis. Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. 2002 [2023-06-01]. OCLC 50396958. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-08）.
Crnobrnja, Mihailo. The Yugoslav Drama. Montreal, Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press. 1996. ISBN 9780773566156.
Goldstein, Ivo. Croatia: A History. Montreal, Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press. 1999. ISBN 9780773520172.
Grandits, Hannes; Leutloff, Carolin. Discourses, Actors, Violence: The Organisation of War-Escalation in the Krajina Region of Croatia 1990–91. Koehler, Jan; Zürcher, Christoph (編). Potentials of Disorder: Explaining Conflict and Stability in the Caucasus and in the Former Yugoslavia. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. 2003: 23–45. ISBN 9780719062414.
Hoare, Marko Attila. The War of Yugoslav Succession. Ramet, Sabrina P. (編). Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 2010: 111–136. ISBN 978-1-139-48750-4.
Judah, Tim. The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 2009. ISBN 9780300158267.
Meier, Viktor. Yugoslavia: A History of its Demise. London, England: Routledge. 2013. ISBN 9781134665105.
Mesić, Stjepan. The Demise of Yugoslavia: A Political Memoir. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-963-9241-81-7.
Nazor, Ante. Počeci suvremene hrvatske države: kronologija procesa osamostaljenja Republike Hrvatske: od Memoranduma SANU 1986. do proglašenja neovisnosti 8. listopada 1991 [Beginnings of the Modern Croatian State: A Chronology of the Independence of the Republic of Croatia: from 1986 SANU Memorandum to the Declaration of Independence on 8 October 1991]. Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Homeland War Memorial Documentation Centre. 2007. ISBN 9789537439019 （克羅地亞語）.
Petković, T. Odelenju bezbednosti KRV i PVO, Sumarni izveštaj za 02.04.1991.g. [To Security Department of the Air Force and Air Defence Command, Summary Report for 2 April 1991]. Rupić, Mate (編). Republika Hrvatska i domovinski rat 1990.-1995., dokumenti, knjiga 1 [Republic of Croatia and the Croatian War of Independence 1991–95, Documents, Volume 1] (PDF). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Memorial-Documentation Centre of the Homeland War. 2007: 102–104 [13 September 2013]. ISBN 9789537439033. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於26 November 2016）（塞爾維亞語）.
Repe, Božo. Balkan Wars. Forsythe, David P. (編). Encyclopedia of Human Rights, Volume 1. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 2009: 138–147. ISBN 978-0-19-533402-9.
Wachtel, Andrew; Bennett, Christopher. The Dissolution of Yugoslavia. Ingrao, Charles W.; Thomas Allan Emmert (編). Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. 2012: 13–47 [2023-06-01]. ISBN 978-1-55753-533-7. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-29）.

Scientific journal articles[編輯]

Marijan, Davor. Djelovanje JNA i pobunjenih Srba u Lici 1990.-1992. godine [Activities of the JNA and rebel Serbs in Lika in 1991–1992]. The Review of Senj (City Museum Senj – Senj Museum Society). December 2006, 33 (1) [2023-06-01]. ISSN 0582-673X. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-29）（克羅地亞語）.

新聞報導[編輯]

Capar, Luka. Obljetnica: 'Krvavi Uskrs' na Plitvicama 1991. godine [Anniversary: "Bloody Easter" at Plitvice, 1991]. Večernji list. 29 March 2013. ISSN 1333-9192. （原始內容存檔於14 October 2013）（克羅地亞語）.
Capar, Luka. Obljetnica: Josip Jović – prva žrtva Domovinskog rata [Anniversary: Josip Jović – the First Victim of the Croatian War of Independence]. Večernji list. 31 March 2013. ISSN 1333-9192. （原始內容存檔於13 October 2013）（克羅地亞語）.
Dukić, Snježana. Na okruglom stolu i general Ivan Štimac koji je zapovijedao tenkovima JNA na Plitvicama! [General Ivan Štimac who Commanded JNA Tanks at Plitvice Attends Roundtable!]. Slobodna Dalmacija. 30 March 2001. ISSN 1333-9192. （原始內容存檔於29 October 2013）（克羅地亞語）.
Obilježena 21. obljetnica akcije "Plitvice" i pogibije Josipa Jovića [The 21st Anniversary of the Operation Plitvice and Death of Josip Jović Marked]. Novi list. HINA. 31 March 2012. ISSN 1334-1545. （原始內容存檔於1 April 2012）（克羅地亞語）.
Perica, Silvana; Bičak, Snježana. Boljkovac: Goran Hadžić bio je mirotvorac, surađivao je 1991. [Boljkovac: Goran Hadžić was a Peacemaker, he Collaborated in 1991]. Večernji list. 30 May 2011. ISSN 1333-9192. （原始內容存檔於29 October 2013）（克羅地亞語）.
Radoš, Ivica. Obljetnica krvavog Uskrsa 1991.: Posljednje riječi su mu bile: 'Tata, tata' [1991 Bloody Easter Anniversary: His Last Words were: Dad, Dad]. Jutarnji list. 30 March 2006. ISSN 1331-5692. （原始內容存檔於29 October 2013）（克羅地亞語）.
Roads Sealed as Yugoslav Unrest Mounts. The New York Times. Reuters. 19 August 1990. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始內容存檔於21 September 2013）.
Sudetic, Chuck. Deadly Clash in a Yugoslav Republic. The New York Times. 1 April 1991. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始內容存檔於14 June 2013）.
Vidović, Iva. Branitelji se povukli sa skupa na Plitvicama: Gdje je predsjednik?! [Veterans Pull Out of the Plitivce Event: Where is the President?!]. Večernji list. 31 March 2013. ISSN 1333-9192. （原始內容存檔於14 October 2013）（克羅地亞語）.

其他來源[編輯]

In memoriam: Josip Jović. Ministry of the Interior (Croatia). 29 March 2011. （原始內容存檔於27 April 2014）（克羅地亞語）.
Nazor, Ante. Krvavi Uskrs – Akcija Plitvice [Bloody Easter – Operation Plitvice]. Hrvatski vojnik (Ministry of Defence (Croatia)). October 2012, (407) [2013-09-17]. ISSN 1333-9036. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-27）（克羅地亞語）.
The Prosecutor vs. Milan Martic – Judgement (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 12 June 2007 [2023-06-01]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-08-26）.
Žužul, Marija. Josip Jović – Prva žrtva Domovinskog rata [Josip Jović – The First Victim of the Croatian War of Independence]. Kreš, Marija (編). Policija u Domovinskom ratu 1990.-1991. [Police in the Croatian War of Independence 1990–1991] (PDF). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia). 2010: 21–27 [2013-09-13]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2017-07-03）（克羅地亞語）.