羅納德·奧普斯

羅納德·奧普斯（英語：Ronald Opus）是一則關於離奇自殺案的都市傳說中的虛構人物。

概述

這個故事最初是於1987年產生的，在美國法庭科學技術學會的晚宴上，前會長唐·哈珀·米爾斯講述了這個故事。米爾斯表示他只是出於娛樂目的而編造了這個故事，同時也透過這個故事「展示不同證據的出現是如何影響案件調查和審理的」。

而在互聯網上，這個故事的出現可追溯到1994年8月，之後便被廣泛傳播。在網絡傳播的版本中通常稱，這取自1994年美聯社對美國法庭科學技術學會晚宴的報道。米爾斯認為此故事十分離奇，對其廣泛傳播表示驚訝。他在數年內受理了難以計數的對「該案」相關訊息的詢問。

這一騙局被多部演藝作品借鑑，其中包括1999年保羅·湯瑪斯·安德森的電影《心靈角落》，在該片中，此案主人公的名字被改成了「希尼·巴林格」。

羅納德·奧普斯自殺案

如本頁首段所述，羅納德·奧普斯的案件是虛構的。互聯網普遍流傳的中文與英文版本如下，兩個版本的內容在故事背景與來源上都有加油添醋的情形。

中文版

　　1994年美國報界評出十大最離奇的新聞。其中一件新聞是這樣的： 這一年的3月23日，紐約警察總局的法醫檢查了一具屍體，得出結論：此人死於槍擊頭部。

　　死者名叫羅納德·奧普斯，從他留下的遺書中得知，他本來是想從一幢十層高的樓的頂部跳下自殺的。然而，當他跳樓後身子經過第九層樓前時，一顆子彈從窗戶里射出，將他當場打死。

　　警方經過調查發現，死者和開槍的人都不知道一個情況——當時八樓正在施工，工人們在那裏剛裝了一張安全網，也就是說羅納德·奧普斯如果不是被槍擊而亡，他的自殺計劃其實是不能如願的。然而，根據法律，一般說來，一個人如果實施有計劃的自殺並且最終身亡了，即使自殺過程發生變化未能如自殺者所願，那麼依法也應該認定這個人是自殺。

　　可是，當警方對九樓射出的子彈進行調查後，案子的性質又有了變化。當時，九樓的一對老夫妻發生了口角，正在吵架，老先生拿出了一把槍恐嚇老太太，後來又摳動了扳機，但是子彈沒有打中老太太，而是從窗戶飛了出去擊中了羅納德·奧普斯。根據法律，一個人如果想殺甲，卻錯殺了乙，那麼仍然應該判這個人對乙犯了殺人罪。因此，此案應該是一樁兇殺案。當老先生面臨殺人罪的指控時，老先生和老太太都一致表示，他們倆當時都以為槍裏面是沒有子彈的。老先生解釋說，用沒有裝子彈的槍恐嚇老太太，是他許多年以來與老伴爭吵時一直有的一種做法。他沒有殺害老伴的意圖。如果老兩口的話屬實，那麼這就是一起誤殺的案子。

　　問題的關鍵就是子彈是在什麼樣的情況下由什麼人裝進去的。警方在調查中找到了一 名證人，這名證人證明在案發六周之前親眼看到這對老夫妻的兒子往這把槍裏面裝了子彈。警方從更深入的調查中得知，因為老太太決定停止給成年的兒子經濟支持，這個兒子懷恨在心，起了殺意。他知道他的父親有用槍恐嚇老太太的習慣，所以就給槍 裝了子彈，希望借父親之手殺了母親。既然這個兒子明知給槍裝子彈會有什麼樣的後果，那麼即使他沒有親自摳動扳機，他也應該被指控犯了殺人罪。所以，此案就成了老夫妻的兒子對羅納德·奧普斯犯下了殺人罪。

　　但是，峰迴路轉，警方在進一步調查後發現，這對老夫妻的兒子其實就是死者羅納德·奧普斯本人。他由於借刀殺人之計一直沒有得逞，心生沮喪，於是，在1994年3月 23日這一天他決定從十層高的樓頂跳樓自殺，然而卻被從九樓窗戶射出的子彈打死了。

　　也就是說，羅納德·奧普斯自己殺了自己，所以此案最後仍被認定為是一樁自殺案。

英文版

On March 23, 1994, a medical examiner viewed the body of Ronald Opus and concluded that he died from a gunshot wound of the head caused by a shotgun. Investigation to that point had revealed that the decedent had jumped from the top of a ten-story building with the intent to commit suicide. (He left a note indicating his despondency.) As he passed the 9th floor on the way down, his life was interrupted by a shotgun blast through a window, killing him instantly. Neither the shooter nor the decedent was aware that a safety net had been erected at the 8th floor level to protect some window washers, and that the decedent would most likely not have been able to complete his intent to commit suicide because of this.

Ordinarily, a person who sets out to commit suicide and ultimately succeeds, even if the mechanism might not be what they intended, is defined as having committed suicide. That he was shot on the way to certain death nine stories below probably would not change his mode of death from suicide to homicide, but the fact that his suicide intent would not have been achieved under any circumstance caused the medical examiner to feel that he had homicide on his hands.

Further investigation led to the discovery that the room on the 9th floor whence the shotgun blast emanated was occupied by an elderly man and his wife. He was threatening her with the shotgun because of an interspousal spat and became so upset that he could not hold the shotgun straight. Therefore, when he pulled the trigger, he completely missed his wife, and the pellets went through the window, striking the decedent.

When one intends to kill subject A but kills subject B in the attempt, one is guilty of the murder of subject B. The old man was confronted with this conclusion, but both he and his wife were adamant in stating that neither knew that the shotgun was loaded. It was the longtime habit of the old man to threaten his wife with an unloaded shotgun. He had no intent to murder her; therefore, the killing of the decedent appeared then to be accident. That is, the gun had been accidentally loaded.

But further investigation turned up a witness that their son was seen loading the shotgun approximately six weeks prior to the fatal accident. That investigation showed that the mother (the old lady) had cut off her son's financial support, and her son, knowing the propensity of his father to use the shotgun threateningly, loaded the gun with the expectation that the father would shoot his mother. The case now becomes one of murder on the part of the son for the death of Ronald Opus.

Now comes the exquisite twist. Further investigation revealed that the son, Ronald Opus himself, had become increasingly despondent over the failure of his attempt to get his mother murdered. This led him to jump off the ten-story building on March 23, only to be killed by a shotgun blast through a 9th story window.

The medical examiner closed the case as a suicide.

影視作品的借鑑

以下作品曾引用本故事：

• 電視影集《謀殺》(Homicide: Life on the Street)第六季第11集，於1998年1月16日播映。
• 《法網遊龍》中，本·斯通檢查官舉了一個假設性的例子便是參考此虛構故事：一個人從帝國大廈跳下，只是為了得到一個火腿三明治，但是某一層的住戶認為他要自殺就槍殺了他。
• 澳大利亞電視劇《謀殺電話》(Murder Call)於1998年播映的某一集。
• 1999年保羅·湯瑪斯·安德森的電影《心靈角落》（Magnolia），但是部分細節有更改。

外部連結

• 英文原版故事出自Snopes.com