美索不達米亞早期王朝時期
外觀
![]() | 此條目需要精通或熟悉歷史的編者參與及協助編輯。 (2022年9月21日) |
地理範圍 | 美索不達米亞 |
---|---|
時期 | 青銅時代 |
時間 | fl. c. 2900–2350 BC (middle) |
典型代表 | Tell Khafajah, Tell Agrab, Tell Asmar |
主要遺址 | Tell Abu Shahrain, Tell al-Madain, Tell as-Senkereh, Tell Abu Habbah, Tell Fara, Tell Uheimir, Tell al-Muqayyar, Tell Bismaya, Tell Hariri |
先前文化 | Jemdet Nasr Period |
繼承文化 | Akkadian Period |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Man_carrying_a_box%2C_possibly_for_offerings_ca._2900%E2%80%932600_BCE_Sumer.jpg/220px-Man_carrying_a_box%2C_possibly_for_offerings_ca._2900%E2%80%932600_BCE_Sumer.jpg)
早期王朝時期(縮寫ED時期或ED)是美索不達米亞(現代 伊拉克)中的古文明,可追溯到公元前 2900–2350 年。
研究史
[編輯]蘇美爾的歷史
[編輯]外交
[編輯]戰爭
[編輯]鄰近地區
[編輯]近期發現
[編輯]王國和統治者
[編輯]地理環境
[編輯]下美索不達米亞
[編輯]鄰近地區
[編輯]上美索不達米亞和敘利亞中部
[編輯]伊朗高原
[編輯]波斯灣
[編輯]印度河谷
[編輯]政府與經濟
[編輯]管理
[編輯]寺廟
[編輯]人口
[編輯]法律
[編輯]Gay
貿易
[編輯]文化
[編輯]雕刻
[編輯]金屬加工和金工
[編輯]氣缸密封
[編輯]嵌體
[編輯]參考
[編輯]- ^ Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003: 79. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1 (英語).
進一步閱讀
[編輯]- Ascalone, Enrico. 2007. Mesopotamia: Assyrians, Sumerians, Babylonians (Dictionaries of Civilizations; 1). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-25266-7 (paperback).
- Bottéro, Jean, André Finet, Bertrand Lafont, and George Roux. 2001. Everyday Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Crawford, Harriet E. W. 2004. Sumer and the Sumerians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Frayne, Douglas. 2008. Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC), University of Toronto Press.
- Leick, Gwendolyn. 2002. Mesopotamia: Invention of the City. London and New York: Penguin.
- Lloyd, Seton. 1978. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest. London: Thames and Hudson.
- Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea. 1998. Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. London and Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
- Kramer, Samuel Noah. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture and Character
. University of Chicago Press. 1963. ISBN 0-226-45238-7.
- Kramer, Samuel Noah. Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium BC.
- Roux, Georges. 1992. Ancient Iraq, 560 pages. London: Penguin (earlier printings may have different pagination: 1966, 480 pages, Pelican; 1964, 431 pages, London: Allen and Urwin).
- Schomp, Virginia. Ancient Mesopotamia: The Sumerians, Babylonians, And Assyrians.
- Sumer: Cities of Eden (Timelife Lost Civilizations). Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1993 (hardcover, ISBN 0-8094-9887-1).
- Wencel, Maciej Mateusz. Radiocarbon Dating of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia: Results, Limitations, and Prospects. Radiocarbon. 2017, 59 (2): 635–645 [2022-09-21]. ISSN 0033-8222. doi:10.1017/RDC.2016.60. (原始內容存檔於2021-10-29) (英語).
- Woolley, C. Leonard. 1929. The Sumerians. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
外部鏈接
[編輯]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源:美索不達米亞早期王朝時期
- Language
- Sumerian Language Page (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), perhaps the oldest Sumerian website on the web (it dates back to 1996), features compiled lexicon, detailed FAQ, extensive links, and so on.
- ETCSL: The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) has complete translations of more than 400 Sumerian literary texts.
- PSD: The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), while still in its initial stages, can be searched on-line, from August 2004.
- CDLI: Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) a large corpus of Sumerian texts in transliteration, largely from the Early Dynastic and Ur III periods, accessible with images.