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質子化氧氣

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質子化氧氣
IUPAC名
oxooxidanium
別名 Hydroperoxy cation; Hydridodioxygen(1+); Dioxidenium; dioxidanylium
識別
CAS號 71722-67-3 [1]
PubChem 5460577
ChemSpider 4574078
SMILES
 
  • [OH+]=O
Gmelin 508
ChEBI 29793
性質
化學式 HO+
2
摩爾質量 33.005 g·mol⁻¹
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

質子化氧氣是一種離子,分子式為HO+
2
。含氫物質燃燒時會生成這個離子。它存在於電離層,以及含有等離子體中。[2]超強酸中,O2可能會先產生質子化氧氣,再將物質氧化。

質子化氧氣是氧氣共軛酸。氧氣(O2)的質子親和能英語proton affinity為4.4 eV。[3]

重要性

[編輯]

在檢測太空中的氧氣時,質子化氧氣很有幫助。由於地球大氣層充滿O2,人們在地上無法觀察到空間物體的光譜。然而,HO+
2
應該更容易被發現。[4]

形成

[編輯]

二氧基陽離子O+
2
)與氫的反應:[5]

O+•
2
+ H2HO+
2
+ H

三氫陽離子與氧氣的反應大致上是等溫過程:[3]

O2 + H+
3
HO+
2
+ H2

當原子氫在放電過程中產生,然後被氧氣迅速冷卻並在固體氖凝固時,它會產生幾種活性離子和分子,包括HO2超氧化氫)、HOHOH、H2O(HO)、HOHOHO+
2
[6]這個反應還會生成過氧化氫(H2O2)和四氧化氫(H2O4)。[7]

反應

[編輯]

已知存在氦絡合物(He–O2H+)。[8]

HO+
2
可以與氫氣迅速反應:[9]

HO+
2
+ H2 → O2 + H+
3

HO+
2
也會與氮氣和水反應:[9]

HO+
2
+ H2O → O2 + H3O+

相關化合物

[編輯]

質子化氧氣二聚體(HO+
4
)的能量比質子化氧氣的低。[3]

參考文獻

[編輯]
  1. ^ HO2+. webbook.nist.gov. [2022-12-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-10-19) (英語). 
  2. ^ Robbe, J.M.; Monnerville, M.; Chambaud, G.; Rosmus, P.; Knowles, P.J. Theoretical spectroscopic data of the HO+
    2
    ion. Chemical Physics. January 2000, 252 (1–2): 9–16. Bibcode:2000CP....252....9R. doi:10.1016/S0301-0104(99)00350-X.
     
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Xavier, George D.; Bernal-Uruchurtu, Margarita I.; Hernández-Lamoneda, Ramón. Communication: study of O4H+: A tracer molecule in the interstellar medium?. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 28 August 2014, 141 (8): 081101. PMID 25172995. doi:10.1063/1.4894068. 
  4. ^ Widicus Weaver, Susanna L.; Woon, David E.; Ruscic, Branko; McCall, Benjamin J. Is HO+
    2
    a Detectable Interstellar Molecule?
    . The Astrophysical Journal. 20 May 2009, 697 (1): 601–609. Bibcode:2009ApJ...697..601W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/1/601可免費查閱.
     
  5. ^ Ajello, J. M. Formation of HO+
    2
    by reaction of metastable O+
    2
    ions with H2. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1974, 60 (4): 1211–1213. Bibcode:1974JChPh..60.1211A. doi:10.1063/1.1681184.
     
  6. ^ Jacox, Marilyn E.; Thompson, Warren E. Infrared Spectra of Products of the Reaction of H Atoms with O2 Trapped in Solid Neon: HO2, HO+
    2
    , HOHOH, and H2O(HO). The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 24 December 2012, 117 (39): 9380–9390. PMID 23215001. doi:10.1021/jp310849s.
     
  7. ^ Levanov, A. V.; Isaikina, O. Ya.; Antipenko, E. E.; Lunin, V. V. Mechanism of the formation of hydrogen tetroxide and peroxide via low-temperature interaction between hydrogen atoms and molecular oxygen. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 5 August 2014, 88 (9): 1488–1492. Bibcode:2014RJPCA..88.1488L. S2CID 97672680. doi:10.1134/S0036024414090222. 
  8. ^ Kohguchi, Hiroshi; Jusko, Pavol; Yamada, Koichi M. T.; Schlemmer, Stephan; Asvany, Oskar. High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of O2H+ in a cryogenic ion trap. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 14 April 2018, 148 (14): 144303. Bibcode:2018JChPh.148n4303K. PMID 29655341. doi:10.1063/1.5023633. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Kluge, Lars; Gärtner, Sabrina; Brünken, Sandra; Asvany, Oskar; Gerlich, Dieter; Schlemmer, Stephan. Transfer of a proton between H2 and O2. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 13 November 2012, 370 (1978): 5041–5054. Bibcode:2012RSPTA.370.5041K. PMID 23028152. doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0170可免費查閱.