林冠

在生物學中，林冠是指植物羣落或農作物裏的離地部分，特別是樹林中各棵林木樹冠（單一樹木主幹以上的部分）組成的連續狀態集合體^[1]^[2]^[3]。林冠包括了樹冠所有的葉片、枝條、小枝及附生植物^[4]。林冠通過捕獲太陽能並驅動水分在土壤和大氣之間的交換，成為陸地生命形式的中心和食物鏈的基礎^[5]。全球90%以上的生物量都是通過林冠與大氣層發生作用形成的^[6]。林冠被稱為「最後的生物前沿」、「地球的第八大洲」^[5]^[7]。

有時該術語林冠，是用來指個別樹或一組的樹木的葉子的外層的範圍。通常一棵樹有茂密的樹冠，會阻止陽光照到在低處生長的植物。

參看

參考

^ Campbell, G.S., and J.M. Norman. 1990. The description and measurement of plant canopy structure. pp. 1-19 In: Russell, G., B. Marshall, and P.G. Jarvis (editors). Plant Canopies: Their Growth, Form and Function. Cambridge University Press.
^ Moffett, M.W. 2000. What's up? A critical look at the basic terms of canopy biology. Biotropica 32:569-596.
^ Hay, R., and R. Porter. 2006 Physiology of Crop Yield (Second edition). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1405108592, ISBN 978-1405108591
^ Nadkarni; Nalini M. Parker, Geoffrey G. Ford, E. David Cushing, Judy B. Stallman, Cara. The International Canopy Network: A pathway for interdisciplinary exchange of scientific information on forest canopies (PDF). Northwest Science. 1996, (70): 104–108 [2016-05-12]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-08-21）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Lowman, Margaret D.; Schowalter, Timothy D. Plant science in forest canopies – the first 30 years of advances and challenges (1980–2010). New Phytologist. 2012-04, 194 (1): 12–27. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04076.x.
^ Ozanne, CM; Anhuf, D; Boulter, SL; Keller, M; Kitching, RL; Körner, C; Meinzer, FC; Mitchell, AW; Nakashizuka, T; Dias, PL; Stork, NE; Wright, SJ; Yoshimura, M. Biodiversity meets the atmosphere: a global view of forest canopies.. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2003-07-11, 301 (5630): 183–6. PMID 12855799. doi:10.1126/science.1084507.
^ Stork, Nigel E. Editorial: Dynamics and processes in the canopy of an Australian tropical rainforest. Austral Ecology. 2007-02, 32 (1): 2–3. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01742.x.

外部連結

Canopy Database （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
International Canopy Access Network （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[1] Campbell, G.S., and J.M. Norman. 1990. The description and measurement of plant canopy structure. pp. 1-19 In: Russell, G., B. Marshall, and P.G. Jarvis (editors). Plant Canopies: Their Growth, Form and Function. Cambridge University Press.

[2] Moffett, M.W. 2000. What's up? A critical look at the basic terms of canopy biology. Biotropica 32:569-596.

[3] Hay, R., and R. Porter. 2006 Physiology of Crop Yield (Second edition). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1405108592, ISBN 978-1405108591

[4] Nadkarni; Nalini M. Parker, Geoffrey G. Ford, E. David Cushing, Judy B. Stallman, Cara. The International Canopy Network: A pathway for interdisciplinary exchange of scientific information on forest canopies (PDF). Northwest Science. 1996, (70): 104–108 [2016-05-12]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-08-21）.

[j.1469-8137.2012.04076.x-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Lowman, Margaret D.; Schowalter, Timothy D. Plant science in forest canopies – the first 30 years of advances and challenges (1980–2010). New Phytologist. 2012-04, 194 (1): 12–27. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04076.x.

[6] Ozanne, CM; Anhuf, D; Boulter, SL; Keller, M; Kitching, RL; Körner, C; Meinzer, FC; Mitchell, AW; Nakashizuka, T; Dias, PL; Stork, NE; Wright, SJ; Yoshimura, M. Biodiversity meets the atmosphere: a global view of forest canopies.. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2003-07-11, 301 (5630): 183–6. PMID 12855799. doi:10.1126/science.1084507.

[7] Stork, Nigel E. Editorial: Dynamics and processes in the canopy of an Australian tropical rainforest. Austral Ecology. 2007-02, 32 (1): 2–3. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01742.x.

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