無肉日

無肉日的訴求是希望大眾能夠在一週間的固定某幾天能夠避免或不吃肉。而週一和週四是最普遍的選擇。另外還有一些無肉運動是鼓勵大眾一週、一個月或甚至永遠不吃肉。

歷史沿革

戒肉在歷史上主要是基於宗教理由 (例如: 週五齋戒日)。漢傳佛教主張在家信眾於至少於農曆每月初一、十五茹素，稱之為「朔望齋」，亦有於六齋日、十齋日茹素，以及於佛、菩薩的誕日茹素。循道衛理教會在大齋期期間，信眾普遍認為每週一日不吃肉是一種懺悔贖罪的方式。^[1] 普世聖公宗(美國聖公會) 以及羅馬天主教會的傳統也奉行週五齋戒日。^[2]^[3] 在歷史上，聖公會和天主教國家會強制所有人民在大齋期的某些特定日全面禁止葷食。比方說在英國，屠夫及餐館老闆受制於高額擔保費必須保證每週的週五及週六不得屠殺或販售肉品。^[4] 在東正教, 週三和週五是齋戒日。^[5] 在信義宗的歷史上，週五和週六是他們的齋戒日。^[6]

備戰時期所實施的糧食定量配給或在一些經濟蕭條的國家也有無肉日的規定。 (例如:第一次世界大戰時，加拿大以及美國實施週二無肉日^[7] ，同時也實施週三無麥日)^[8]^[9] 。

在波蘭人民共和國時期, 因為市場力量的趨動，政府鼓勵人民響應無肉日。他們的目標是減少肉品的消費，而鼓勵麵粉製品的消費。依照傳統，他們的無肉日是週五、週一或週三。

生態與社群

社會開始重新引進「無肉日」運動主要訴求是為了減少工業化養殖業，推動素食和維根純素生活，以達到減緩人為氣候變遷，同時增進人體健康和動物福利等。

非洲

南非

開普敦 ^[10]^[11]^[12]

亞洲

香港

香港蔬食協會舉辦之「香港無肉聚會」 ^[13]

新加坡

新加坡素食協會發起之週四無肉日 ^[14]

台灣

台北週一無肉日
^[15]

中東

巴基斯坦

Reportedly, Meatless Tuesdays and Wednesdays were observed in Pakistan, from Benazir Bhotto's era in the 1990 through part of the 21st century. ^[16]^[17]^[18]

歐洲

比利時

德國

不來梅^[22]
在2013年的德國聯邦議院選舉，德國聯盟90/綠黨的競選政見發表裏便發表推動蔬食日的宣言，因此引發各界議論稱之為「溫和的專制主義」

挪威

挪威國防軍
^[23]^[24]

瑞士

瑞士素食協會(Swissveg)發起之週四無肉日^[25]

北美洲

洛杉磯市政府宣佈每週週一皆為「無肉日」。響應的單位有:
所有巴爾的摩公立學校，加州奧克蘭聯合學區
維吉尼亞州阿靈頓各學區
紐約歐奈達各學區
科羅拉多州的朗蒙特各學區
三藩市市
馬里蘭州的塔科馬帕克市和安納波利斯市
加州馬林縣
華盛頓哥倫比亞特區議會^[26]^[27]

其他參考

Awareness day
Friday Fast
List of food days
List of food weeks
List of food months
週一無肉日
List of vegetarian festivals
Vegetarian week
世界純素食日
世界素食日

參考文獻

^ What does The United Methodist Church say about fasting?. The United Methodist Church. [27 April 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2010-03-10）.
^ Buchanan, Colin. The A to Z of Anglicanism. Scarecrow Press. 4 August 2009: 182. ISBN 9780810870086. In the 1662 Book of Common Prayer, there is a list of "Days of Fasting, or Abstinence," consisting of the 40 days of Lent, the ember days, the three rogation days (the Monday to Wednesday following the Sunday after Ascension Day), and all Fridays in the year (except Christmas, if it falls on a Friday).
^ Green, Jennifer. Dealing with Death: A Handbook of Practices, Procedures and Law. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 25 May 2006: 224 [27 April 2014]. ISBN 9781846425127. （原始內容存檔於2017-01-24）. Friday is a day of abstinence and self-denial for Catholics in health, and, by tradition, this became a meat-free day.
^ Barrows, Susanna; Room, Robin. Drinking: Behavior and Belief in Modern History. University of California Press. 1991: 340 [27 April 2014]. ISBN 9780520070851. （原始內容存檔於2017-01-24）. The main legally enforced prohibition in both Catholic and Anglican countries was that against meat. During Lent, the most prominent annual season of fasting in Catholic and Anglican churches, authorities enjoined abstinence from meat and sometimes "white meats" (cheese, milk, and eggs); in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England butchers and victuallers were bound by heavy recognizances not to slaughter or sell meat on the weekly "fish days," Friday and Saturday.
^ Vitz, Evelyn Birge. A Continual Feast. Ignatius Press. 1991: 80 [27 April 2014]. ISBN 9780898703849. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-29）. In the Orthodox groups, on ordinary Wednesdays and Fridays no meat, olive oil, wine, or fish can be consumed.
^ Lund, Eric. Documents from the History of Lutheranism, 1517–1750. Fortress Press. January 2002: 166. ISBN 9781451407747. Of the Eating of Meat: One should abstain from the eating of meat on Fridays and Saturdays, also in fasts, and this should be observed as an external ordinance at the command of his Imperial Majesty.
^ "Making Do with Less": Rationing in Canada Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2012-12-16
^ History of Meatless Mondays | The History Kitchen | PBS Food. Pbs.org. [2015-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-17）.
^ The Way We Ate: The Year Harry Truman Passed on Pumpkin Pie. [2017-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-20）.
^ City to launch ‘one meat-free day a week’ campaign. 2010-07-27 [2010-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2010-08-27）.
^ Pollack, Martin. City launches Meat-free Day. City of Cape Town. 2010-07-30 [2010-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2010-08-02）.
^ South Africa scores for farm animal welfare, the environment and human health. Compassion in World Farming. 2010-04-12 [2010-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-23）.
^ Meat Free Hong Kong. [1 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2018-03-03）.
^ Veggie Thursday in Singapore. [1 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-10）.
^ Taipei Times about Meat free Monday. [30 July 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
^ Going vegan in Pakistan.. [2017-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-19）.
^ Meat marketing and quality control.. [2017-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2018-12-24）.
^ [Alter, S. Amritsar to Lahore: A Journey Across the India-Pakistan Border. pp. 107-109]
^ Traynor, Ian. Meat-free revolution to help save the planet. Sydney Morning Herald. 2009-05-22 [2010-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-23）.
^ Ghent declares every Thursday 'Veggie day'. The Telegraph. [2017-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-27）.
^ Ghent's Veggiedag goes from strength to strength. [23 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
^ Weekly 'vegetarian day' for public canteens promised in Germany's Green Party manifesto. [23 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12）.
^ Smith, Jennifer. Norwegian army goes vegetarian as it goes to war against climate change by cutting ‘ecologically unfriendly’ foods. Daily Mail. 2013-11-20 [2016-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-21）.
^ Saul, Heather. Norwegian army placed on strict vegetarian diet. The Independent. 2013-11-30 [2016-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-19）.
^ Der grüne "Vegi-Tag" greift um sich. [1 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-29）.
^ Lowery, Wesley. [ City Council asks L.A. residents to go "meatless" on Mondays. Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, CA). 2012-11-12 [2012-11-12].
^ Meatless Mondays. LACityClerk Connect. 2012-11-09 [2012-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-02）.

[1] What does The United Methodist Church say about fasting?. The United Methodist Church. [27 April 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2010-03-10）.

[Buchanan2009-2] Buchanan, Colin. The A to Z of Anglicanism. Scarecrow Press. 4 August 2009: 182. ISBN 9780810870086. In the 1662 Book of Common Prayer, there is a list of "Days of Fasting, or Abstinence," consisting of the 40 days of Lent, the ember days, the three rogation days (the Monday to Wednesday following the Sunday after Ascension Day), and all Fridays in the year (except Christmas, if it falls on a Friday).

[Green2006-3] Green, Jennifer. Dealing with Death: A Handbook of Practices, Procedures and Law. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 25 May 2006: 224 [27 April 2014]. ISBN 9781846425127. （原始內容存檔於2017-01-24）. Friday is a day of abstinence and self-denial for Catholics in health, and, by tradition, this became a meat-free day.

[BarrowsRoom1991-4] Barrows, Susanna; Room, Robin. Drinking: Behavior and Belief in Modern History. University of California Press. 1991: 340 [27 April 2014]. ISBN 9780520070851. （原始內容存檔於2017-01-24）. The main legally enforced prohibition in both Catholic and Anglican countries was that against meat. During Lent, the most prominent annual season of fasting in Catholic and Anglican churches, authorities enjoined abstinence from meat and sometimes "white meats" (cheese, milk, and eggs); in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England butchers and victuallers were bound by heavy recognizances not to slaughter or sell meat on the weekly "fish days," Friday and Saturday.

[Vitz1991-5] Vitz, Evelyn Birge. A Continual Feast. Ignatius Press. 1991: 80 [27 April 2014]. ISBN 9780898703849. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-29）. In the Orthodox groups, on ordinary Wednesdays and Fridays no meat, olive oil, wine, or fish can be consumed.

[Lund2002-6] Lund, Eric. Documents from the History of Lutheranism, 1517–1750. Fortress Press. January 2002: 166. ISBN 9781451407747. Of the Eating of Meat: One should abstain from the eating of meat on Fridays and Saturdays, also in fasts, and this should be observed as an external ordinance at the command of his Imperial Majesty.

[7] "Making Do with Less": Rationing in Canada Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2012-12-16

[8] History of Meatless Mondays | The History Kitchen | PBS Food. Pbs.org. [2015-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-17）.

[9] The Way We Ate: The Year Harry Truman Passed on Pumpkin Pie. [2017-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-20）.

[za-ct2010-10] City to launch ‘one meat-free day a week’ campaign. 2010-07-27 [2010-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2010-08-27）.

[11] Pollack, Martin. City launches Meat-free Day. City of Cape Town. 2010-07-30 [2010-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2010-08-02）.

[12] South Africa scores for farm animal welfare, the environment and human health. Compassion in World Farming. 2010-04-12 [2010-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-23）.

[13] Meat Free Hong Kong. [1 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2018-03-03）.

[14] Veggie Thursday in Singapore. [1 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-10）.

[15] Taipei Times about Meat free Monday. [30 July 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

[16] Going vegan in Pakistan.. [2017-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-19）.

[17] Meat marketing and quality control.. [2017-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2018-12-24）.

[18] [Alter, S. Amritsar to Lahore: A Journey Across the India-Pakistan Border. pp. 107-109]

[19] Traynor, Ian. Meat-free revolution to help save the planet. Sydney Morning Herald. 2009-05-22 [2010-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-23）.

[20] Ghent declares every Thursday 'Veggie day'. The Telegraph. [2017-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-27）.

[auto-21] Ghent's Veggiedag goes from strength to strength. [23 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

[Germany_Veggie_Day_2013-22] Weekly 'vegetarian day' for public canteens promised in Germany's Green Party manifesto. [23 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12）.

[23] Smith, Jennifer. Norwegian army goes vegetarian as it goes to war against climate change by cutting ‘ecologically unfriendly’ foods. Daily Mail. 2013-11-20 [2016-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-21）.

[24] Saul, Heather. Norwegian army placed on strict vegetarian diet. The Independent. 2013-11-30 [2016-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-19）.

[25] Der grüne "Vegi-Tag" greift um sich. [1 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-29）.

[26] Lowery, Wesley. [ City Council asks L.A. residents to go "meatless" on Mondays. Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, CA). 2012-11-12 [2012-11-12].

[27] Meatless Mondays. LACityClerk Connect. 2012-11-09 [2012-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-02）.

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