斐波那契雙曲函數

斐波那契雙曲函數（Fibonoacci hyperbolic functions）是一個與黃金分割有關的特殊函數^[1]。

斐波那契雙曲函數

定義如下：^[2]

斐波那契雙曲正弦函數

$sFh(x)={\frac {2*sinh(2*x*\alpha )}{\sqrt {5}}}$

其中 $\alpha$ 是黃金分割的對數：

$\alpha =ln(\phi )=ln{\frac {1+{\sqrt {5}}}{2}}=0.4812118246$

斐波那契雙曲餘弦函數

$cFh(x)={\frac {2*sinh(2*x*\alpha )}{\sqrt {5}}}$

斐波那契雙曲正切函數

$tFh(x)={\frac {fsh(x)}{fch(x)}}$

斐氏雙曲函數圖

關係式

$sFh(-x)=-sFh(x)$
$cFh(-x)=cFh(x-1)$
$sFh^{2}(x)+cFh^{2}(x)=cFh(2x)$
$cFh^{2}(x)-sFh^{2}(x)=1+sFh(x)cFh(x)$
$sFh(x)+sFh(y)={\sqrt {(}}5)sFh*({\frac {x+y}{2}})cFh({\frac {x-y-1}{2}})$
$cFh(x)+cFh(y)={\sqrt {5}}cFh({\frac {x+y}{2}})cFh({\frac {x+y-1}{2}})$

級數展開

$fsh(x)\approx \left\{(4/5\,{\sqrt {5}}\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)x+{\frac {8}{15}}\,{\sqrt {5}}\left(\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)\right)^{3}{x}^{3}+{\frac {8}{75}}\,{\sqrt {5}}\left(\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)\right)^{5}{x}^{5}+{\frac {16}{1575}}\,{\sqrt {5}}\left(\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)\right)^{7}{x}^{7}+O\left({x}^{9}\right))\right\}$

$fch(x)\approx {(1/5)*{\sqrt {(}}5)*(5+{\sqrt {(}}5))/({\sqrt {(}}5)+1)+(2/5)*{\sqrt {(}}5)*ln(1/2+(1/2)*{\sqrt {(}}5))*x+(2/5)*{\sqrt {(}}5)*(5+{\sqrt {(}}5))*ln(1/2+(1/2)*{\sqrt {(}}5))^{2}*x^{2}/({\sqrt {(}}5)+1)+(4/15)*{\sqrt {(}}5)*ln(1/2+(1/2)*{\sqrt {(}}5))^{3}*x^{3}+(2/15)*{\sqrt {(}}5)*(5+{\sqrt {(}}5))*ln(1/2+(1/2)*{\sqrt {(}}5))^{4}*x^{4}/({\sqrt {(}}5)+1)+O(x^{5})}$

$fth(x)\approx {4*ln(1/2+(1/2)*{\sqrt {(}}5))*({\sqrt {(}}5)+1)*x/(5+{\sqrt {(}}5))-8*ln(1/2+(1/2)*{\sqrt {(}}5))^{2}*({\sqrt {(}}5)+1)^{2}*x^{2}/(5+{\sqrt {(}}5))^{2}+(2*(-(8/3)*ln(1/2+(1/2)*{\sqrt {(}}5))^{3}+8*ln(1/2+(1/2)*{\sqrt {(}}5))^{3}*({\sqrt {(}}5)+1)^{2}/(5+{\sqrt {(}}5))^{2}))*({\sqrt {(}}5)+1)*x^{3}/(5+{\sqrt {(}}5))+O(x^{4})}$

漸近展開

$sFh(x)\approx \left\{1/5\,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}\left(\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{x}\right)^{2}}{\left({2}^{x}\right)^{2}}}-1/5\,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}\left({2}^{x}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{x}\right)^{2}}}\right\}$

$cFh(x)\approx \left\{2/5\,{\frac {\left(1/4\,{\sqrt {5}}+1/4\right){\sqrt {5}}\left(\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{x}\right)^{2}}{\left({2}^{x}\right)^{2}}}+2/5\,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}\left({2}^{x}\right)^{2}}{\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)\left(\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{x}\right)^{2}}}\right\}$

Heun函數表示

$sFh(x)=4/5\,{\sqrt {5}}x\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right){\it {HeunB}}\left(2,0,0,0,2\,{\sqrt {\frac {x\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{-1}\left({{\rm {e}}^{2\,{\frac {x\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}}\right)^{-1}$
$cFh(x)=2/5\,i{\sqrt {5}}\left(2\,x+1\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunB}}\left(2,0,0,0,{\sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {{\frac {\left(-2\,x-1\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}+1/2\,i\pi }}\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{-1}\left({{\rm {e}}^{1/2\,{\frac {-4\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)x{\sqrt {5}}+4\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)x-2\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right){\sqrt {5}}+2\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)+i\pi \,{\sqrt {5}}+i\pi }{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}}\right)^{-1}+1/5\,{\sqrt {5}}\pi \,{\it {HeunB}}\left(2,0,0,0,{\sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {{\frac {\left(-2\,x-1\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}+1/2\,i\pi }}\right)\left({{\rm {e}}^{1/2\,{\frac {-4\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)x{\sqrt {5}}+4\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)x-2\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right){\sqrt {5}}+2\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)+i\pi \,{\sqrt {5}}+i\pi }{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}}\right)^{-1}$
$tFh(x)=4\,x\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right){\it {HeunB}}\left(2,0,0,0,2\,{\sqrt {\frac {x\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}\right){{\rm {e}}^{1/2\,{\frac {-4\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)x{\sqrt {5}}+4\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)x-2\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right){\sqrt {5}}+2\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)+i\pi \,{\sqrt {5}}+i\pi }{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}}\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{-1}\left({{\rm {e}}^{2\,{\frac {x\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}}\right)^{-1}\left({\frac {2\,i\left(2\,x+1\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}+\pi \right)^{-1}\left({\it {HeunB}}\left(2,0,0,0,{\sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {{\frac {\left(-2\,x-1\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}+1/2\,i\pi }}\right)\right)^{-1}$

斐波那契雙曲反函數

反雙曲正弦

$arcsFh(z)=1/2\,{\frac {{\it {arcsinh}}\left(1/2\,z{\sqrt {5}}\right)}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}$ 滿足 $sFh(arcsFh(y))=y$

反雙曲餘弦

$arccFh(z)=-1/2\,{\frac {\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)-{\it {arccosh}}\left(1/2\,z{\sqrt {5}}\right)}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}$ 滿足 $arccFh(cFh(z))=z$

反雙曲正切

$arctFh(z)=1/4\,\ln \left(-{\frac {-z+z{\sqrt {5}}+2}{z+z{\sqrt {5}}-2}}\right)\left(\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)\right)^{-1}$ 滿足 $arctFh(tFh(z))=z$

Heun函數表示

$arcsFh(z)=1/2\,z{\sqrt {5}}\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1/2,0,0,1/4,5\,{\frac {{z}^{2}}{5\,{z}^{2}+4}}\right){\frac {1}{\sqrt {5\,{z}^{2}+4}}}\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right)^{-1}\left({\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)\right)^{-1}$

$arccFh(z)=-1/2+\left(1/2\,{\sqrt {-\left(-2+z{\sqrt {5}}\right)^{2}}}z{\sqrt {5}}\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1/2,0,0,1/4,5/4\,{\frac {{z}^{2}}{5/4\,{z}^{2}-1}}\right)\left(-2+z{\sqrt {5}}\right)^{-1}{\frac {1}{\sqrt {-5\,{z}^{2}+4}}}\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right)^{-1}-1/4\,{\frac {{\sqrt {-\left(-2+z{\sqrt {5}}\right)^{2}}}\pi \,\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)}{\left(-2+z{\sqrt {5}}\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right)}}\right)\left({\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)\right)^{-1}$

$arctFh(x)=z=4\,x\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right){\it {HeunB}}\left(2,0,0,0,2\,{\sqrt {\frac {x\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}\right){{\rm {e}}^{1/2\,{\frac {-4\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)x{\sqrt {5}}+4\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)x-2\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right){\sqrt {5}}+2\,{\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)+i\pi \,{\sqrt {5}}+i\pi }{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}}\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{-1}\left({{\rm {e}}^{2\,{\frac {x\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}}\right)^{-1}\left({\frac {2\,i\left(2\,x+1\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}+\pi \right)^{-1}\left({\it {HeunB}}\left(2,0,0,0,{\sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {{\frac {\left(-1-2\,x\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right){\it {HeunC}}\left(0,1,0,0,1/2,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}+1/2\,i\pi }}\right)\right)^{-1}$

級數展開

$arcsFh(z)\approx (1/4\,{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}z-{\frac {5}{96}}\,{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}{z}^{3}+{\frac {15}{512}}\,{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}{z}^{5}-{\frac {625}{28672}}\,{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}{z}^{7}+{\frac {21875}{1179648}}\,{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}{z}^{9}+O\left({z}^{11}\right))>$

$arccFh(z)\approx (-1/2\,{\frac {\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)+1/2\,i{\it {csgn}}\left(i\left(1/2\,z{\sqrt {5}}-1\right)\right)\pi }{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}+1/4\,i{\it {csgn}}\left(i\left(1/2\,z{\sqrt {5}}-1\right)\right){\sqrt {5}}\left(\ln \left({\frac {1}{2}}+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)\right)^{-1}z+{\frac {5}{96}}\,i{\sqrt {5}}{\it {csgn}}\left(i\left(1/2\,z{\sqrt {5}}-1\right)\right)\left(\ln \left({\frac {1}{2}}+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)\right)^{-1}{z}^{3}+{\frac {15}{512}}\,i{\sqrt {5}}{\it {csgn}}\left(i\left(1/2\,z{\sqrt {5}}-1\right)\right)\left(\ln \left({\frac {1}{2}}+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)\right)^{-1}{z}^{5}+{\frac {625}{28672}}\,i{\sqrt {5}}{\it {csgn}}\left(i\left(1/2\,z{\sqrt {5}}-1\right)\right)\left(\ln \left({\frac {1}{2}}+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)\right)^{-1}{z}^{7}+{\frac {21875}{1179648}}\,i{\sqrt {5}}{\it {csgn}}\left(i\left(1/2\,z{\sqrt {5}}-1\right)\right)\left(\ln \left({\frac {1}{2}}+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)\right)^{-1}{z}^{9}+O\left({z}^{11}\right))>$

$arctFh(z)\approx (1/4\,{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}z+1/4\,{\frac {1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)-5/2}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}{z}^{2}+1/4\,{\frac {-5/6\,{\sqrt {5}}-5/2+1/4\,{\sqrt {5}}\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{2}}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}{z}^{3}+1/4\,{\frac {-{\frac {5}{16}}\,\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{2}+1/8\,{\sqrt {5}}\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{3}-5/8\,{\sqrt {5}}-{\frac {25}{8}}}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}{z}^{4}+O\left({z}^{5}\right))>$

漸近展開

$arcsFh(z)\approx 1/2\,{\frac {1/2\,\ln \left(5\right)+\ln \left(z\right)}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}+1/10\,{\frac {1}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right){z}^{2}}}-{\frac {3}{100}}\,{\frac {1}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right){z}^{4}}}+{\frac {1}{75}}\,{\frac {1}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right){z}^{6}}}-{\frac {7}{1000}}\,{\frac {1}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right){z}^{8}}}+O\left({z}^{-10}\right)$
$arccFh(z)\approx -1/2\,{\frac {\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)-1/2\,\ln \left(5\right)-\ln \left(z\right)}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}-1/10\,{\frac {1}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right){z}^{2}}}-{\frac {3}{100}}\,{\frac {1}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right){z}^{4}}}-{\frac {1}{75}}\,{\frac {1}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right){z}^{6}}}-{\frac {7}{1000}}\,{\frac {1}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right){z}^{8}}}+O\left({z}^{-10}\right)$
$arctFh(z)\approx 1/4\,{\frac {\ln \left({\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)+i\pi }{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}+1/4\,{\frac {2+2\,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}}{\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right)\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right)z}}+1/4\,{\frac {8\,{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)^{2}\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right)}}-2\,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}\left(2+2\,{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{{\sqrt {5}}+1}}\right)}{\left({\sqrt {5}}+1\right)\left({\sqrt {5}}-1\right)^{2}}}}{\ln \left(1/2+1/2\,{\sqrt {5}}\right){z}^{2}}}+O\left({z}^{-3}\right)$

反函數圖

參考文獻

^ Weisstein, Eric W. (編). Fibonoacci hyperbolic functions. at MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Wolfram Research, Inc. [2015-05-12]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-24）（英語）.
^ Zdzlslaw W. Trzaska,ON FIBONACCI HYPERBOLIC TRIGONOMETRY AND MODIFIED NUMERICAL TRIANGLES,1994

[1] Weisstein, Eric W. (編). Fibonoacci hyperbolic functions. at MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Wolfram Research, Inc. [2015-05-12]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-24）（英語）.

[2] Zdzlslaw W. Trzaska,ON FIBONACCI HYPERBOLIC TRIGONOMETRY AND MODIFIED NUMERICAL TRIANGLES,1994

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