克利斯要塞

库利斯要塞

库利斯要塞（克罗地亚语：Tvrđava Klis）是克罗地亚的一座要塞建筑，位于达尔马提亚中部城市斯普利特郊外，站在该城堡上，可以俯瞰下面的古罗马遗址Solina城。库利斯要塞起源于古代伊利里亚时期的一个小堡垒，13世纪匈牙利王室为躲避蒙古人的入侵曾短期来此。土耳其人占领巴尔干地区后，也在这里驻军，与驻守斯普利特的威尼斯共和国军队对峙约100年。库利斯要塞是达尔马提亚主要的防御工事之一，是连接地中海和巴尔干后方的要道。 这里也是美剧《权力的游戏》的取景地，很多游客因此慕名而来。

参考资料

• Archdeacon, Thomas of Split. History of the Bishops of Salona and Split – Historia Salonitanorum atque Spalatinorum pontificum. Budapest: Central European University Press. 2006. ISBN 9789637326592 （拉丁语及英语）. 
• Bellamy, Alex J. The Formation of Croatian National Identity: A Centuries-old Dream. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2003. ISBN 0-7190-6502-X. 
• Bousfield, Jonathan. The Rough Guide to Croatia. London: Rough Guides. 2003. ISBN 9781843530848. 
• Collection. A Collection of Modern and Contemporary Voyages & Travels Vol I. London: Oxford University. 1805. 
• Curta, Florin. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-521-89452-4. 
• Fine, John Van Antwerp. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. 1991. ISBN 0-472-08149-7. 
• Fine, John Van Antwerp. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0472100798. 
• Foster, Jane. Footprint Croatia. Footprint Travel Guides. 2004. ISBN 1-903471-79-6. 
• Fraser, Robert William. Turkey, Ancient and Modern. A History of the Ottoman Empire From the Period of Its Establishment to the Present Time. Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black – Harvard University. 1854. ISBN 978-1-4021-2562-1. 
• Hrvatski Opći Leksikon. Zagreb: Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute. 1996. ISBN 953-6036-62-2 （克罗地亚语）. 
• Hunyadi and Laszlovszky, Zsolt and József. The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity. Budapest: Central European University Press. Dept. of Medieval Studies. 2001. ISBN 963-9241-42-3. 
• Klaić, Vjekoslav. Povijest Hrvata: Knjiga Prva, Druga, Treća, Četvrta i Peta. Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske. 1985. ISBN 9788640100519 （克罗地亚语）. 
• Regional Surveys of the World. Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, Fourth Edition. London: Europa Publications Limited. 1996. ISBN 1-85743-058-1. 
• Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). A Gazetteer of the World: AA-Brazey. London, Dublin: A. Fullarton & Co. – Oxford University. 1856. 
• Setton, Kenneth Meyer. The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The Sixteenth Century, Vol. III. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. 1984. ISBN 0-87169-161-2. 
• Setton, Kenneth Meyer. Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century. Philadelphia: Diane Publishing. 1991. ISBN 0-87169-192-2. 
• Singleton, Frederick Bernard. A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0521274852. 
• Spandouginos, Theodore. On the Origin of the Ottoman Emperors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1997. ISBN 9780521585101. 
• Wilkinson, Sir John Gardner. Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina I. London: John Murray – Harvard College Library. 2005 [1848]. ISBN 9781446043615. 

外部链接

• Historical Unit Kliški uskoci（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Musulin, Nedjeljko. Kliška tvrđava, najveći muzej na otvorenome, pristupačnija turistima - Kliški uskoci opet čuvaju puteve do Dalmacije [Klis fortress, the largest museum in the open, more accessible to tourists - Uskoci of Klis guard the roads of Dalmatia once again] (PDF). Vjesnik. 2009-11-04 [2011-03-13]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-21） （克罗地亚语）. 
• Webcam from top of the Klis fortress（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）