反省实践

反省实践（英语：reflective practice）又译做反思实践，是在学习的过程中能够对行动进行反思的能力^[1]。有人定义反省实践是“透过仔细与自我反省的方式检视平日实践，来对日常生活中实务上遭遇的价值观与理论给予批判性的注意。这样的练习能够培养洞见”。^[2]培养反省实践能力的重于原因，在于单独只有经验无法使学习发生；在得到经验的同时也有进行反省（英语：Human_self-reflection）是十分必要的^[3]^[4]。

反省实践能够成为实践本位专业学习（英语：practice-based professional learning）里十分重要的工具之一，人们能够在执业经验中学习，而不只从正式学习（英语：formal learning）或知识转移（英语：knowledge transfer）里头获得。反省实践可能是在个人的专业发展（英语：professional learning）以及修正中最重要的源头。同时，它也是可以将理论与实践结合起来的一种很重要的方法；透过反省，人可以发现并标记出在他工作成果的脉络之中的各类想法或理论^[5]。一个在实践中不断反思的人不只是回顾过去的行动与事件，同时也要有意识去照看情绪、行动、与反应，使用这些资讯来添增到他既有知识库中以达成更高层次的理解^[6]。

参考文献[编辑]

^ Schön, Donald A. The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books. 1983. ISBN 046506874X. OCLC 8709452.
^ Bolton, Gillie. Reflective practice: writing and professional development 第3版. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. 2010: xix [2001]. ISBN 9781848602113. OCLC 458734364.
^ Loughran, J. John. Effective reflective practice: in search of meaning in learning about teaching (PDF). Journal of Teacher Education. 2002-01, 53 (1): 33–43 [2015-05-27]. doi:10.1177/0022487102053001004. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-12-15）.
^ Cochran-Smith, Marilyn; Lytle, Susan L. Relationships of knowledge and practice: teacher learning in communities. Review of Research in Education. 1999-01, 24 (1): 249–305. JSTOR 1167272. doi:10.3102/0091732X024001249.
^ McBrien, Barry. Learning from practice—reflections on a critical incident. Accident and Emergency Nursing. July 2007, 15 (3): 128–133. PMID 17540574. doi:10.1016/j.aaen.2007.03.004.
^ Paterson, Colin; Chapman, Judith. Enhancing skills of critical reflection to evidence learning in professional practice (PDF). Physical Therapy in Sport. August 2013, 14 (3): 133–138 [2015-06-09]. PMID 23643448. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.004. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-04-02）.

[Schon-1] Schön, Donald A. The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books. 1983. ISBN 046506874X. OCLC 8709452.

[2] Bolton, Gillie. Reflective practice: writing and professional development 第3版. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. 2010: xix [2001]. ISBN 9781848602113. OCLC 458734364.

[Loughran-3] Loughran, J. John. Effective reflective practice: in search of meaning in learning about teaching (PDF). Journal of Teacher Education. 2002-01, 53 (1): 33–43 [2015-05-27]. doi:10.1177/0022487102053001004. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-12-15）.

[4] Cochran-Smith, Marilyn; Lytle, Susan L. Relationships of knowledge and practice: teacher learning in communities. Review of Research in Education. 1999-01, 24 (1): 249–305. JSTOR 1167272. doi:10.3102/0091732X024001249.

[5] McBrien, Barry. Learning from practice—reflections on a critical incident. Accident and Emergency Nursing. July 2007, 15 (3): 128–133. PMID 17540574. doi:10.1016/j.aaen.2007.03.004.

[paterson-chapman-6] Paterson, Colin; Chapman, Judith. Enhancing skills of critical reflection to evidence learning in professional practice (PDF). Physical Therapy in Sport. August 2013, 14 (3): 133–138 [2015-06-09]. PMID 23643448. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.004. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-04-02）.

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