Maxwellian distribution function, and particles interacting resonantly with a wave with phase velocity vph. The energy gained from the wave by the slower particles is more than the energy given to the waves by the faster particles.
Maxwellian distribution function, and particles interacting resonantly with a wave with phase velocity vph. The energy gained from the wave by the slower particles is more than the energy given to the waves by the faster particles. Made using XFig. {{G