冰岛石

冰岛石（英语：Icelandite）是一种火山岩，是一种富含铁但缺乏铝 (< 16.5% Al2O3) 的安山岩 ^[1]^[2]. 冰岛岩的成分介于流纹英安岩和拉斑玄武岩之间，含有中长石、金辉石和辉石，二氧化硅 (SiO2) 含量大于 60% ^[3]。

冰岛石是英国地质学家 Ian S. E. Carmichael（后来成为加州大学伯克利分校的教授）在 1960 年左右在冰岛东Thingmuli (Þingmúli) 附近的一座新生代火山撰写博士论文时创造的^[4]。对于大陆同生系列的火山岩，通常情况是铁的浓度随着二氧化硅含量的增加而降低，但在Þingmúli 的情况恰恰相反，这使 Carmichael 得出结论，富含铁的中性岩名副其实，即冰岛岩。

与钙碱性安山岩相比，冰岛石的铁含量高而铝含量低^[5]，冰岛石被指定为拉斑质岩浆系列。

参考文献

^ Carmichael, Ian S. E., Francis J. Turner and John Verhoogen, 1974, Igneous Petrology, McGraw-Hill, p. 34 ISBN 0-07-009987-1
^ McBirney, Alexander R. (1984). Igneous petrology. San Francisco, Calif.: Freeman, Cooper. p. 500. ISBN 0198578105
^ MacDonald, Gordon Andrew, Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 128 ISBN 978-0-8248-0832-7
^ Carmichael, Ian S. E., The Mineralogy of Thingmuli, a Tertiary Volcano in Eastern Iceland, American Mineralogist, V. 52, Nov.-Dec. 1967, pp. 1815-1841
^ Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "icelandite". Glossary of geology (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. ISBN 0922152349.

[”1”-1] Carmichael, Ian S. E., Francis J. Turner and John Verhoogen, 1974, Igneous Petrology, McGraw-Hill, p. 34 ISBN 0-07-009987-1

[”2”-2] McBirney, Alexander R. (1984). Igneous petrology. San Francisco, Calif.: Freeman, Cooper. p. 500. ISBN 0198578105

[”3”-3] MacDonald, Gordon Andrew, Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 128 ISBN 978-0-8248-0832-7

[”4”-4] Carmichael, Ian S. E., The Mineralogy of Thingmuli, a Tertiary Volcano in Eastern Iceland, American Mineralogist, V. 52, Nov.-Dec. 1967, pp. 1815-1841

[”5”-5] Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "icelandite". Glossary of geology (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. ISBN 0922152349.

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