哈薛
哈薛（英語：Hazael/ˈheɪziəl/；希伯來語：חֲזָהאֵל, 現代 Ḥaza'ēl 提比里亞 H̱azā'ēl；[1]亞拉姆語：חזאל，他的名字意為「上帝看見了」；阿卡德語：𒄩𒍝𒀪𒀭，羅馬化：Ḫa-za-'-ilu）原來為大臣，後來成為亞蘭國王，被聖經提及。[2][3] 在他的統治下，亞蘭大馬士革 擴張成為一個疆域涵蓋大部分敘利亞和以色列的帝國。[4]
但遺址石碑（Tel Dan Stele）
[編輯]但遺址石碑 被大多數學者認為是哈薛王在打敗以色列和猶大國王后樹立的。[5][6] 最近在迦特 的考古發掘發現了哈薛圍攻和征服迦特的大量證據。泰爾·澤塔在西元前九世紀被毀也可能是哈薛軍事征服的結果。猶大國王約阿施搶在哈薛入侵之前將王宮和聖殿的大量財物上貢哈薛，避免了被攻打。
注釋
[編輯]- ^ I Kings 19:15
- ^ Hastings, James; Driver, Samuel Rolles. A dictionary of the Bible: dealing with its language, literature, and contents, including the Biblical theology, Volume 3. T. & T. Clark. 1899: 832.
- ^ Arnold, Bill T.; Williamson, Hugh Godfrey Maturin. Dictionary of the Old Testament: historical books Illustrated. InterVarsity Press. 2006: 46. ISBN 978-0-8308-1782-5.
- ^ David Noel Freedman; Allen C. Myers. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. 31 December 2000: 84 [2017-03-02]. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-14）.
- ^ 存档副本. [2017-03-02]. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-11）.
- ^ 存档副本. [2017-03-02]. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-18）.
參考文獻
[編輯]- Biran, A., and Naveh, J. 1995. The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment. Israel Exploration Journal 45(1):1–18.
- Ephal, I., and Naveh, J. 1989. Hazael’s booty inscriptions. Israel Exploration Journal 39(3–4):192–200.
- Lemaire, A. 1991. Hazaël, de Damas, Roi d』Aram. Pp. 91–108 in Marchands, Diplomates et Empereurs, Etudes sur la civilisation mésopotamienne offertes à P. Garelli. Paris: Editions Recherche sur la Civilisations.
- Maeir, A. 2004. The Historical Background and Dating of Amos VI 2: An Archaeological Perspective from Tell es-Safi/Gath. Vetus Testamentum 54(3):319–34.
- Galil, G., "David and Hazael: War, Peace, Stones and Memory," Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 139,2 (2007), 79-84.
- Maeir, A. M., and Gur-Arieh, S. 2011. Comparative aspects of the Aramean Siege System at Tell es-Sa¦fi/Gath. Pp. 227–44 in The Fire Signals of Lachish: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Israel in the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age and Persian Period in Honor of David Ussishkin, eds. I. Finkelstein and N. Na』aman. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.