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User:Koala0090/Olympic/甘比亞

维基百科，自由的百科全书

國家奧林匹克委員會[编辑]

The Gambia National Olympic Committee (GNOC) was formed in 1972, but not recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) until 1976.[1] The GNOC is based at Olympic House, Bakau.[2] In April 2014, on government orders, police seized the building and barred GNOC employees from entering. At the same time, the Ministry of Youth and Sports placed a travel ban on GNOC officials.[3] The disruption meant that the Gambia did not send athletes to the 2014 African Youth Games（英语：2014 African Youth Games） in Botswana.[4] Following condemnation from the IOC, Olympic House was reopened in August, but the government continued to control access to the building. A crisis meeting was held the following month, in which the GNOC was threatened with suspension if the government did not refrain from interference.[5] Despite an initial deadline for the reopening of Olympic House not being met,[6] the situation was eventually resolved without a suspension being issued.[7]

History[编辑]

Early years[编辑]

The Gambia was first eligible to compete in the Olympics at the 1976 Summer Games in Montreal, but joined 28 countries in a boycott (most of which were also African). This boycott was to protest the IOC's decision to allow New Zealand（英语：New Zealand at the Olympics） to compete at the games, despite its rugby union team breaking（英语：1976 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa） the international sporting boycott of South Africa（英语：Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era） earlier in the year.[8] The Gambia was also invited to the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow, but declined the invitation and joined the American-led boycott.[9] The country finally made its debut at the 1984 Summer Games in Los Angeles, sending ten athletes（英语：The Gambia at the 1984 Summer Olympics） (six men and four women) who all competed in running（英语：Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics）.[10] Amie N'Dow was the only Gambian to progress past the first heats, reaching the quarter-finals of the 女子200公尺（英语：Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres）.[11] At the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul, the Gambia sent six athletes – three athletes (two men and one woman) and three wrestlers (all male).[12] Flagbearer Dawda Jallow made the quarter-finals of the 男子400公尺（英语：Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres）.[13]

1990s[编辑]

Jaysuma Saidy Ndure（英语：Jaysuma Saidy Ndure） (pictured in 2011) ran for the Gambia at the 2004 Summer Games in Athens, but later switched nationalities and competed for Norway in 2008 and 2012.

At the 1992 Summer Olympics, the Gambian delegation (consisting of five athletes) was all-male for the first and only time.[14] It again consisted entirely of runners, four of whom ran the 男子4 × 100 metres relay（英语：Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay）.[15] Bangladesh and San Marino were the only countries to record slower times in the event.[16] The 1996 Summer Games in Atlanta saw the Gambian delegation increase to nine athletes, although the only woman was Adama Njie（英语：Adama Njie）.[17] Ousman Sallah (a long jumper) was the only non-runner,[18] while Dawda Jallow was flag-bearer for a third consecutive occasion, and became the only Gambian to compete in four games.[13]

2000s[编辑]

For the 2000 Summer Games in Sydney, the Gambia sent just two athletes (Adama Njie and Pa Mamadou Gai（英语：Pa Mamadou Gai）), with Njie becoming the country's first female flag-bearer.[19] There was no increase in the size of the delegation for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, with Njie returning for a third games and being joined by Jaysuma Saidy Ndure（英语：Jaysuma Saidy Ndure）, who was made the flag-bearer.[20] Ndure, aged 20, reached the quarter-finals of both the 100公尺（英语：Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres） and the 200公尺（英语：Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres）, but later transferred nationalities and competed for Norway.[21] The 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing saw the Gambia send three athletes (two men and one woman), including the country's first Olympic boxer, Badou Jack（英语：Badou Jack）, who was made the flag-bearer. He lost to India's Vijender Singh（英语：Vijender Singh） in the opening round, while neither of the other two athletes (runners Suwaibou Sanneh（英语：Suwaibou Sanneh） and Fatou Tiyana（英语：Fatou Tiyana） made it past their first heats.[22]

2010s[编辑]

The Gambian delegation for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London consisted of two track and field athletes, Suwaibou Sanneh and Saruba Colley（英语：Saruba Colley）.[23] Colley failed to progress past the first round of the 女子100公尺,[24] but Sanneh made the semi-finals of the 男子100公尺, running a national record time of 10.18 seconds.[25] For the 2016 Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro, the Gambia sent its largest delegation since 1996, and its first to contain athletes from more than two sports. Adama Jammeh and Gina Bass（英语：Gina Bass） (the flag-bearer and only woman on the team) ran in the respective 200 metres events, while Faye Njie（英语：Faye Njie） and Pap Jonga（英语：Pap Jonga） became the first Gambians to compete in Olympic judo and Olympic swimming, respectively.[26]

  1. ^ Grasso, John; Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen. Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. Rowman & Littlefield. 2015: 209. ISBN 1442248602. 
  2. ^ The Gambia National Olympic Committee, Association of National Olympic Committees. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  3. ^ "Olympic House closed to GNOC staff", The Point, 4 April 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  4. ^ "Gambia National Olympic Committee headquarters reopened after four-month feud", Inside the Games, 14 August 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  5. ^ "IOC warn Gambia to restore access to Olympic headquarters or face consequences", Inside the Games, 30 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  6. ^ "Gambia facing suspension from International Olympic Committee ", Inside the Games, 17 October 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  7. ^ "Gambia avoid suspension by IOC executive board", USA Today, 23 October 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  8. ^ Grasso et al., p. lxxv
  9. ^ Grasso et al., p. lxxviii
  10. ^ Gambia at the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Games, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  11. ^ Amie N'Dow, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  12. ^ Gambia at the 1988 Seoul Summer Games, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Dawda Jallow, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  14. ^ Gambia, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  15. ^ Gambia at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  16. ^ Athletics at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games: Men's 4 × 100 metres Relay Round One, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  17. ^ Gambia at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  18. ^ Ousman Sallah, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  19. ^ Gambia at the 2000 Sydney Summer Games, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  20. ^ Gambia at the 2004 Athina Summer Games, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  21. ^ Jaysuma Saidy Ndure, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  22. ^ Gambia at the 2008 Beijing Summer Games, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  23. ^ Gambia at the 2012 London Summer Games, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  24. ^ Saruba Colley, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  25. ^ Su Wai'bou Sanneh, Sports Reference. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  26. ^ Gambia, rio2016.com. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
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